Table 2.
Implications of metagenomics in animals enhanced by CRISPR-Cas9 technique from recent studies
| Targeted species | Purpose | Sequencing method | CRISPR-protein | Impact on the studied organism | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Livestock | Identify genetic markers, perform genome-wide association studies, and genome selection | SNP chips, Whole-genome | Cas9 | Identify genetically superior animals based on specific traits, (efficiency), reproduction, disease resistance, and animal welfare) | [23] |
| Zebrafish | Study the physiological consequences of PARN loss-of-function | Not specified | Cas9 | Role of PARN in oogenesis and gonadal maturation in zebrafish; demonstrate the impact of PARN deficiency on sex determination and gonadal development | [24] |
| Poultry | Study the diversity and functions of the poultry gut microbiome | Amplicon sequencing, metagenomics | Not mentioned | Enable comprehensive analysis of the entire poultry gut microbiome, improved health and productivity of poultry birds | [25] |
| Cattle | Genome engineering to enhance food production, animal health, and welfare | Not specified | Cas9 | Improves the efficiency of food production, enhances animal health and welfare, and introduces valuable traits | [26] |
| Niches, arthropod disease vectors, and the human microbiome | Microbiome analysis in diseased and healthy states | NGS | Cas9 | Analysis of human host genes and transcriptome in response to infection, aiding in disease diagnosis and evaluation of disease risk | [27] |
NB: The tables provide a visual representation of key findings, comparisons, trends, or relationships between different variables from recent studies including: 1. Targeted species in each study, 2. Sequencing method applied, 3. CRISPR endonuclease, and 4. Impact on the study organisms. It provides a comprehensive overview of the application of metagenomics and CRISPR-Cas9 in various animal species, highlighting the potential benefits in terms of disease resistance, allergen eradication, product generation, gender-specific birth, the introduction of valuable traits, and overall animal health and welfare. The table also emphasizes the importance of accurate guide RNA design and the use of computational tools to ensure efficiency and specificity in the CRISPR editing process. insights into the current state of metagenomics and gene editing in animals, identify successful applications.