Table 2.
CMR measures, blood biomarkers, and quality-of-life measures pre- and post-anthracycline summarized as mean and standard deviation (SD) and GLM-estimated treatment effects and their corresponding 95% CIs. Treatment effects with a positive value indicate higher measurement in the statin group and negative values indicate lower measurement in the statin group
| Statin (n = 53) | Placebo (n = 55) | Between Groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-anthracycline | Post-anthracycline | Pre-anthracycline | Post-anthracycline | Treatment effect(95% CI) | P value** | |
| CMR Measures | ||||||
| LVEF, % | 60.2 (5.4) | 57.3 (5.8)* | 59.2 (6.6) | 55.9 (7.4)* | 0.79 (−0.84, 2.42) | 0.34 |
| LVEDV, mL | 125.4 (25.9) | 124.9 (25.3) | 130.2 (29.8) | 132.1 (27.7) | −3.70 (−9.40, 2.01) | 0.20 |
| LVEDV, mL /m2 | 69.8 (13.1) | 70.1 (13.4) | 71.9 (12.8) | 73.9 (13.8) | −1.84 (−5.15, 1.47) | 0.27 |
| LVESV, mL | 50.4 (13.7) | 53.8 (14.5) | 53.6 (16.9) | 58.8 (17.7)* | −2.55 (−5.79, 0.70) | 0.12 |
| LVESV, mL /m2 | 28.0 (7.3) | 30.2 (7.9) | 29.6 (8.6) | 32.8 (9.8)* | −1.17 (−3.12, 0.77) | 0.23 |
| LV mass, g | 75.5 (17.3) | 75.5 (16.0) | 74.9 (18.0) | 75.7 (18.0) | −0.98 (−3.24, 1.28) | 0.39 |
| LV mass, g/m2 | 41.7 (7.3) | 42.0 (7.3) | 41.1 (6.8) | 42.0 (7.1) | −0.28 (−1.51, 0.94) | 0.65 |
| GLS, % | 17.5 (2.1) | 16.5 (2.1)* | 17.3 (2.1) | 16.6 (2.6) | −0.09 (−0.78, 0.60) | 0.79 |
| GCS, % | 19.6 (2.5) | 18.4 (2.5) | 19.2 (2.6) | 18.1 (3.0)* | 0.20 (−0.62, 1.01) | 0.64 |
| T1, ms | 1229 (40) | 1268 (42)* | 1247 (40) | 1280 (36)* | −5.70 (−21.32, 9.92) | 0.47 |
| T2, ms | 39.9 (3.0) | 40.5 (2.4) | 40.0 (2.4) | 41.1 (2.3) | −0.52 (−1.36, 0.32) | 0.22 |
| ECV, % | 24.7 (3.0) | 27.7 (2.6)* | 25.5 (2.2) | 29.0 (2.4)* | −0.76 (−1.56, 0.04) | 0.06 |
| iECV | 9.8 (2.0) | 11.1 (2.3) * | 10.0 (2.0) | 11.6 (2.1)* | −0.29 (−0.79, 0.21) | 0.25 |
| iICV | 30.1 (5.6) | 29.0 (5.3) | 29.2 (4.9) | 28.5 (5.1) | −0.14 (−1.12, 0.84) | 0.78 |
| Blood Biomarkers | ||||||
| CK, U/L | 73 (39) | 63 (45) | 80 (44) | 54 (48)* | 10.62 (−4.87, 26.104) | 0.18 |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 5.3 (1.2) | 6.2 (1.6) | 5.6 (1.8) | 5.7 (1.2) | 0.59 (0.05, 1.12) | 0.03 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.5 (0.7) | 5.9 (1.1)* | 5.4 (0.6) | 5.8 (0.9)* | 0.03 (−0.22, 0.28) | 0.80 |
| AST, U/L | 21 (8) | 29 (24) | 21 (7) | 24 (14) | 5.02 (−2.52, 12.57) | 0.19 |
| ALT, U/L | 21 (12) | 35 (34) | 21 (14) | 29 (25)* | 5.50 (−6.16, 17.16) | 0.35 |
| TC, mmol/L | 5.00 (1.22) | 3.60 (0.96)* | 5.13 (1.06) | 4.90 (0.98) | −1.29 (−1.61, −0.97) | <0.001 |
| LDL, mmol/L | 2.89 (0.89) | 1.73 (0.69)* | 2.97 (0.95) | 2.91 (0.87) | −1.14 (−1.40, −0.88) | <0.001 |
| HDL, mmol/L | 1.37 (0.45) | 1.02 (0.33)* | 1.42 (0.42) | 1.07 (0.35)* | −0.06 (−0.17, 0.06) | 0.32 |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.61 (0.85) | 1.89 (1.09) | 1.49 (1.19) | 1.95 (0.84) | −0.12 (−0.47, 0.24) | 0.51 |
| hsCRP | 2.0 (1.0–7.0) | 5.0 (2.0–19.0) | 3 (1.0–8.0) | 7.0 (2.0–14.0) | 2.69 (−4.25, 9.62) | 0.44 |
| Troponin, ng/L | 2.0 (2.0—2.0) | 13 (7–29)* | 2.0 (2.0—2.0) | 14 (8 −34)* | −0.23 (−10.88, 10.42) | 0.97 |
| BNP pg/ mL | 16.8 (9.9—39.0) | 39.0 (26.9—81.3) | 26.0 (12.1—49.0) | 36.2 (16.4—64.8) | −12.25 (−33.11, 8.61) | 0.25 |
| Quality of Life Measures | ||||||
| EQ-VAS | 70 (19) | 69 (17) | 71 (22) | 74 (16) | −4.80 (−10.96, 1.34) | 0.12 |
| EQ Index | 0.85 (0.16) | 0.84 (0.13) | 0.85 (0.19) | 0.86 (0.17) | −0.02 (−0.07, 0.03) | 0.44 |
After Bonferroni correction, significance threshold is P < 0.001; *Denotes P < 0.001 for significance after Bonferroni Correction for inter-group comparison (i.e. pre- vs. post-anthracyclines). CMR, cardiovascular magnetic resonance; LVEF; left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVESV, left ventricular end-systolic volume; ECV, extracellular volume fraction. HbA1c, hemoglobin A1C; TC, total cholesterol; LDL, low density lipoprotein; HDL, high density lipoprotein; TG, triglycerides; hsCRP, high sensitivity c-reactive protein. Smoking, current, or former smoking. iECV, indexed extracellular volume; iICV, indexed intracellular volume; BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; EQVAS, EuroQol visual analog scale. The EQ Index scores were calculated using a formula that weighs each quality-of-life dimension and is interpreted using normative EQ-5D-3 L index score data for Canadians.