Table 1.
Overall antimicrobial resistance (AMR) burden by infectious syndrome in Croatia in 2019. We aggregated estimates across antimicrobial agents, taking into account the co-occurrence of resistance to more than one drug*
| Infectious syndrome | Attributable to AMR |
Associated with AMR |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| deaths |
DALYs |
deaths |
DALYs |
|||||
| counts | rate per 100 000 | counts | rate per 100 000 | counts | rate per 100 000 | counts | rate per 100 000 | |
| BSI |
264 (132-460) |
6.21 (3.10-10.83) |
4950 (2483-8606) |
116.51 (58.46-202-59) |
1067 (529-1804) |
25.11 (12.45-42-47) |
20 035 (9922-33 683) |
471.64 (233.58-792.94) |
| Bacterial skin infections |
13 (3-33) |
0.30 (0.07-0.77) |
217 (52-565) |
5.10 (1.22-13.31) |
60 (14-152) |
1.41 (0.33-3.57) |
1016 (261-2583) |
23.91 (6.14-60-81) |
| Bone and joint infections |
2 (1-5) |
0.05 (0.01-0.12) |
39 (11-98) |
0.92 (0.26-2.30) |
10 (3-23) |
0.23 (0.07-0.55) |
179 (51-425) |
4.22 (1.20-10.00) |
| CNS infections |
2 (1-4) |
0.05 (0.03-0.09) |
59 (33-112) |
1.39 (0.77-2.64) |
9 (5-17) |
0.21 (0.12-0.39) |
273 (155-514) |
6.42 (3.66-12.11) |
| Cardiac infections |
25 (13-45) |
0.59 (0.30-1.05) |
422 (210-757) |
9.92 (4.94-17.83) |
102 (52-180) |
2.41 (1.23-4.23) |
1711 (863-3037) |
40.28 (20.32-71.50) |
| Diarrhea |
0.2 (0.1-0.5) |
0.01 (0-0.01) |
19 (8-36) |
0.44 (0.19-0.84) |
1 (0.5-2) |
0.03 (0.01-0.05) |
111 (50-201) |
2.62 (1.18-4.74) |
| Gonorrhea and chlamydia† |
– |
– |
1.5 (0.3-3) |
0.03 (0.01-0.07) |
– |
– |
14 (7-27) |
0.33 (0.16-0.62) |
| Intra-abdominal infections |
159 (95-247) |
3.74 (2.24-5.81) |
3273 (1902-5184) |
77.05 (44.78-122.04) |
666 (403-1015) |
15.67 (9.49-23.90) |
13 709 (8108-21 225) |
322.73 (190.87-499.66) |
| LRI and thorax infections |
71 (42-114) |
1.68 (0.99-2.68) |
1189 (680-1900) |
27.99 (16.00-44.73) |
293 (180-449) |
6.89 (4.24-10-57) |
4897 (2911-7648) |
115.29 (68.53-180.04) |
| Tuberculosis |
0.5 (0-1.4) |
0.01 (0-0.03) |
10 (1-29) |
0.23 (0.03-0.68) |
1.5 (1-3) |
0.03 (0.01-0.06) |
31 (15-62) |
0.73 (0.34-1.46) |
| Typhoid, paratyphoid, and iNTS |
0 (0-0) |
0 (0-0) |
0 (0-0) |
0 (0-0) |
0 (0-0) |
0 (0-0) |
0 (0-0) |
0 (0-0) |
| UTI and pyelonephritis |
77 (52-108) |
1.81 (1.23-2.55) |
1142 (769-1659) |
26.89 (18.10-39.04) |
337 (231-468) |
7.93 (5.44-11.01) |
4981 (3430-7075) |
117.26 (80.74-166.55) |
| Total | 614 (364-943) | 14.45 (8.59-22.19) | 11 321 (6544-17 809) | 266.50 (154.10-419.24) | 2546 (1558-3803) | 59.93 (36.68-89.52) | 46 958 (28 033-71 628) | 1105.44 (659.93-1686.21) |
*Abbreviations: BSI – bloodstream infections; CNS – meningitis and other bacterial central nervous system infections; LRI – lower respiratory infections and all related infections in the thorax; iNTS – intestinal nontyphoidal salmonellae; UTI – urinary tract infections and pyelonephritis; DALY - deaths/disability-adjusted life year.
†only DALY burden is presented as we did not estimate the fatal burden of the infectious syndrome.