Table 2.
Overall antimicrobial resistance (AMR) burden by pathogen in Croatia in 2019. We aggregated estimates across antimicrobial agents, taking into account the co-occurrence of resistance to more than one drug*
| Pathogen | Attributable to AMR |
Associated with AMR |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| deaths |
DALYs† |
deaths |
DALYs |
|||||
| counts | rate per 100 000 | counts | rate per 100 000 | counts | rate per 100 000 | counts | rate per 100 000 | |
|
Acinetobacter baumannii
|
93 (45-165) |
2.19 (1.07-3.88) |
1680 (803-2972) |
39.54 (18.90-69.97) |
288 (142-510) |
6.78 (3.52-6.78) |
5193 (2534-9241) |
122.25 (59.65-217.55) |
|
Citrobacter spp |
5 (2-11) |
0.12 (0.05-0.26) |
107 (46-227) |
2.51 (0.95-5.33) |
18 (8-36) |
0.42 (0.18-0.85) |
364 (151-738) |
8.58 (3.56-17.38) |
|
Enterobacter spp |
29 (16-49) |
0.69 (0.37-1.14) |
588 (310-993) |
13.83 (7.30-23.38) |
123 (71-199) |
2.89 (1.68-4.69) |
2461 (1387-4045) |
57.93 (32.65-95.23) |
|
Enterococcus faecalis
|
26 (12-48) |
0.61 (0.28-1.13) |
506 (225-930) |
11.91 (5.30-21.88) |
99 (54-163) |
2.33 (1.26-3.83) |
1928 (1057-3141) |
45.39 (24.88-73.94) |
|
Enterococcus faecium
|
52 (27-88) |
1.21 (0.63-2.08) |
1036 (524-1794) |
24.39 (12.35-42.22) |
193 (113-293) |
4.53 (2.67-6.89) |
3868 (2227-5969) |
91.05 (52.42-140.51) |
|
Escherichia coli
|
148 (93-222) |
3.48 (2.18-5.23) |
2578 (1548-3927) |
60.70 (36.43-92.43) |
694 (443-1017) |
16.33 (10.43-23.94) |
12 159 (7503-18 325) |
286.23 (176.63-431.39) |
| Group A Streptococcus |
1 (0-3) |
0.02 (0-0.07) |
16 (0-59) |
0.38 (0-1.38) |
8 (3-16) |
0.18 (0.07-0.38) |
168 (76-331) |
3.96 (1.78-7.79) |
| Group B Streptococcus |
5 (0-13) |
0.12 (0-0.32) |
101 (0-273) |
2.39 (0-6.42) |
42 (24-70) |
0.99 (0.56-1.65) |
831 (468-1377) |
19.58 (11.01-32.43) |
|
Klebsiella pneumoniae
|
76 (43-122) |
1.78 (1.02-2.86) |
1368 (780-2228) |
32.20 (18.36-52.45) |
281 (174-420) |
6.61 (4.10-9.89) |
5090 (3068-7785) |
119.82 (72.21-183.26) |
| Other enterococci |
8 (2-17) |
0.19 (0.04-0-41) |
137 (31-298) |
3.23 (0.72-7.01) |
39 (21-67) |
0.92 (0.50-1.58) |
650 (331-1153) |
15.30 (7.79-27.15) |
|
Proteus spp |
8 (4-14) |
0.18 (0.09-0.32) |
128 (61-229) |
3.01 (1.43-5.40) |
63 (41-91) |
1.49 (0.97-2.15) |
1040 (654-1528) |
24.47 (15.42-35.98) |
|
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
|
51 (30-81) |
1.20 (0.71-1.91) |
936 (540-1518) |
22.04 (12.70-35.73) |
210 (130-322) |
4.95 (3.06-7.58) |
3855 (2292-5980) |
90.76 (53.95-140.76) |
|
Serratia spp |
2 (1-4) |
0.05 (0.02-0.09) |
43 (20-81) |
1.01 (0.47-1.90) |
8 (4-13) |
0.18 (0.10-0.31) |
163 (86-272) |
3.84 (2.03-6.41) |
|
Staphylococcus aureus
|
79 (39-142) |
1.87 (0.91-3.34) |
1512 (713-2724) |
35.60 (16.79-64.12) |
335 (198-522) |
7.89 (4.66-12.30) |
6393 (3712-10 152) |
150.51 (87.39-238.98) |
|
Streptococcus pneumoniae
|
29 (16-47) |
0.68 (0.39-1.11) |
553 (307-914) |
13.02 (7.22-21.51) |
139 (90-208) |
3.28 (2.12-4.90) |
2662 (1659-4078) |
62.67 (39.05-96.00) |
| All pathogens | 614 (365-943) | 14.45 (8.59-22.18) | 11 321 (6544-17 809) | 266.50 (154.06-419.24) | 2546 (1558-3803) | 59.93 (36.68-89.52) | 46 958 (28 033-71 628) | 1105.44 (659.93-1686.21) |
*Pathogens that did not contribute a significant burden (ie, that have two or fewer deaths associated with AMR) were not included in the table – namely, enteropathogenic and enterotoxigenic E coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Morganella spp, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Neisseria gonorrhoaeae, Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi, non-typhoidal salmonellae, and Shigella spp).
†DALY - deaths/disability-adjusted life year.