Table 4.

Pattern matrix of the principal component analysis showing the 4 inferred factors for the usage scale.

Component	1 (Perceived usefulness)	2 (Perceived risk)	3 (Perceived ease of use)	4 (Behavior)
2. I am concerned that using ChatGPT would get me accused of plagiarism.	<0.400	0.790	<0.400	<0.400
4. I am concerned about the potential security risks of using ChatGPT.	<0.400	0.840	<0.400	<0.400
14. ChatGPT helps me to save time when searching for information.	0.840	<0.400	<0.400	<0.400
16. For me, ChatGPT is a reliable source of accurate information.	0.664	<0.400	<0.400	<0.400
19. I recommend ChatGPT to my colleagues to facilitate their academic duties.	0.840	<0.400	<0.400	<0.400
20. ChatGPT is more useful than other sources of information that I have used previously.	0.585	<0.400	<0.400	<0.400
22. I have used tools or techniques similar to ChatGPT in the past.	<0.400	<0.400	<0.400	0.703
23. I spontaneously find myself using ChatGPT when I need information for my university assignments and duties.	<0.400	<0.400	<0.400	0.852
24. I often use ChatGPT as a source of information in my university assignments and duties.	<0.400	<0.400	<0.400	0.745
26. I think that relying on technology like ChatGPT can disrupt my critical thinking skills.	<0.400	0.756	<0.400	<0.400
27. I appreciate the accuracy and reliability of the information provided by ChatGPT.	0.614	<0.400	<0.400	<0.400
28. I believe that using ChatGPT can save time and effort in my university assignments and duties.	0.937	<0.400	<0.400	<0.400
30. It does not take a long time to learn how to use ChatGPT.	<0.400	<0.400	0.880	<0.400
32. ChatGPT does not require extensive technical knowledge.	<0.400	<0.400	0.869	<0.400