Table I.
Differences between RSV and non-RSV bronchiolitis
| Characteristic | Total (n = 1,437)∗ | RSV (n = 838) | Non-RSV (n = 477) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | ||||
| Age (mo) | 3 (1.5-7) | 3 (1.5-6.5) | 4 (2-7.5) | <.01 |
| Sex (male) | 814 (56.64%) | 454 (54.17%) | 281 (58.90%) | .82 |
| Malnutrition | 295 (20.52%) | 153 (18.26%) | 114 (23.89%) | .01 |
| Previously healthy | 1,059 (73.69%) | 650 (77.57%) | 332 (69.61%) | .85 |
| Underlying conditions | 378 (26.31%) | 188 (22.43%) | 145 (30.39%) | <.01 |
| Heart disease | 33 (2.29%) | 16 (1.91%) | 14 (2.93%) | |
| Neurologic disease | 22 (1.53%) | 10 (1.19%) | 11 (2.31%) | |
| Malformations | 17 (1.18%) | 8 (0.95%) | 6 (1.26%) | |
| Congenital infections | 6 (0.42%) | 6 (0.71%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Endocrinologic disease | 6 (0.42%) | 4 (0.48%) | 2 (0.42%) | |
| Hematologic disease | 4 (0.28%) | 3 (0.36%) | 1 (0.21%) | |
| Others | 10 (0.69%) | 6 (0.71%) | 3 (0.63%) | |
| Preterm births | 280 (19.48%) | 135 (16.11%) | 108 (22.64%) | |
| With other comorbidities | 58 (4.10%) | 24 (2.86%) | 25 (5.24%) | |
| Without other comorbidities | 222 (15.44%) | 111 (13.24%) | 83 (17.40%) | |
| Prematurity: gestational age (wk) | 280 (19.48%) | 135 (16.11%) | 108 (22.64%) | <.01 |
| <28 | 30 (2.10%) | 13 (1.55%) | 15 (3.14%) | .07 |
| 28-31 (+ 6) | 41 (2.85%) | 11 (1.31%) | 21 (4.40%) | <.01 |
| 32-36 (+ 6) | 209 (14.54%) | 111 (13.24%) | 72 (15.10%) | .36 |
| Laboratory test results | ||||
| Hemoglobin level (g/dL) | 11.2 (10.2-12.5) | 11.1 (10.2-12.2) | 11.2 (10.4-12) | .91 |
| WBC count | 11,500 (9,000-14,800) | 11,300 (8,750-14,600) | 12,200 (9,000-14,550) | .37 |
| Absolute neutrophil count | 4,900 (3,200-7,200) | 4,800 (3,000-7,000) | 5,000 (3,300-7,975) | .41 |
| Absolute lymphocyte count | 4,600 (3,400-6,200) | 4,650 (3,400-15,300) | 4,450 (3,475-6,200) | .84 |
| CRP level (mg/dL) | 1.6 (0.5-3.7) | 1.65 (0.6-4.15) | 1.5 (0.5-3.45) | .42 |
| Radiologic findings | ||||
| Radiologic evaluation | 579 (40.3%) | 359 (42.8%) | 183 (38.4%) | .11 |
| No pathologic findings | 292 (50.4%) | 173 (48.2%) | 93 (50.8%) | .58 |
| Atelectasis | 46 (7.9%) | 37 (10.3%) | 8(4.3%) | .02 |
| Focal consolidation | 238 (41.1%) | 146 (40.6%) | 82 (44.8%) | .35 |
| Pneumothorax | 3 (0.5%) | 3 (0.8%) | 0 (0%) | .55 |
| Treatments | ||||
| Antibiotics | 386 (26.86%) | 241 (28.75%) | 125 (26.20%) | .33 |
| Bronchodilators | 1,113 (77.45%) | 617 (73.62%) | 392 (82.18%) | <.01 |
| Systemic steroids | 131 (9.12%) | 59 (7.10%) | 60 (12.57%) | <.01 |
| Intravenous fluids | 499 (34.72%) | 348 (41.52%) | 124 (25.99%) | <.01 |
| Enteral feeding | 236 (16.42%) | 177 (21.12%) | 53 (11.11%) | <.01 |
| Parameters of disease severity | ||||
| Severity score ≥8 | 433 (30.13%) | 305 (36.39%) | 102 (21.38%) | <.01 |
| Apnea | 173 (12.03%) | 108 (12.88%) | 60 (12.57%) | .93 |
| LOS (d) | 4 (3-5.7) | 5 (3-7) | 4 (2-6) | <.01 |
| Received O2 | 1,319 (91.78%) | 800 (95.46%) | 415 (87.01%) | <.01 |
| Duration of O2 therapy (d) | 3 (2-6) | 4 (2-6) | 2 (1-5) | <.01 |
| HFNC | 448 (31.17%) | 310 (36.99%) | 113 (23.68%) | <.01 |
| PICU admission | 230 (16.01%) | 174 (20.76%) | 51 (10.69%) | <.01 |
| Time in PICU (d) | 4 (2-7) | 4 (2-6.5) | 3 (2-7) | .09 |
| CPAP/BiPAP | 206 (14.33%) | 159 (18.97%) | 42 (8.81%) | <.01 |
| MV | 28 (1.94%) | 22 (2.62%) | 4 (0.83%) | <.01 |
This table displays total bronchiolitis cases (ie, RSV bronchiolitis and non-RSV bronchiolitis cases) but patients not tested were excluded. Wood-Downes severity scores higher than 8 are considered severe. The treatment section reflects the need for antibiotics, bronchodilators, steroids, intravenous fluids, or enteral nutrition at any time during admission. In 122 cases, no viral testing was performed. Continuous variables were analyzed by using the Mann-Whitney U test, and categoric variables were analyzed by using the Fisher exact or chi-square test. Data are reported as medians and IQRs (25%-75%). Boldface indicates statistical significance.
CRP, C-reactive protein; MV, mechanical ventilation; WBC, white blood cell.