Table II.
Differences between RSV and non-RSV bronchiolitis at different ages
| Characteristic | < 3 mo |
3 to <6 mo |
6 to <12 mo |
12-24 mo |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RSV (405) | No RSV (172) | P value | RSV (184) | No RSV (133) | P value | RSV (163) | No RSV (119) | P value | RSV (86) | No RSV (53) | P value | |
| Demographic characteristics | ||||||||||||
| Sex ( male) | 48% | 38% | .02 | 46.2% | 41.4% | .42 | 43% | 40% | .62 | 39% | 51% | .16 |
| Preterm | 12% | 17% | .10 | 20.1% | 32.3% | .01 | 16.6% | 25.2% | .09 | 27.9% | 11.3% | .03 |
| Malnutrition | 18.6% | 24% | .17 | 15.8% | 27.3% | .01 | 14.7% | 23.5% | .06 | 29% | 17.6% | .15 |
| Laboratory test results | ||||||||||||
| Hemoglobin level | 11 (10-12) | 11 (10-13) | .44 | 11 (10-12) | 11 (10-11.5) | .10 | 11 (10-11.5) | 11 (10-12) | .56 | 11(10-12) | 12 (11-13) | .68 |
| WBC count (× 103) | 10.3 (8-13) | 10 (8-13) | .84 | 12 (9-16) | 13 (9-15) | .76 | 12 (9-15) | 13 (10-14) | .52 | 12 (9-15) | 11 (8-16) | .73 |
| Neuthrophil count (× 103) | 4.1 (2.5-6) | 3.7 (2-5) | .74 | 6 (3-7.6) | 5 (4-8.5) | .62 | 6 (4-8) | 6 (4-8.7) | .55 | 6 (5-9) | 6 (4-11) | .91 |
| Lymphocyte count (× 103) | 4.7 (3.2-6) | 5 (3.5-7) | .33 | 5 (4-7.1) | 4 (3-5.9) | .13 | 4.6 (3-5) | 4.4 (3-6) | .89 | 4 (3-5) | 3 (2 -4) | .60 |
| CRP level | 1.5 (0.4-3) | 1 (0.2-2) | .52 | 1.5 (0.6-3) | 1 (0.5-2) | .56 | 2 (0.8-5) | 1.9 (0.8-4) | .62 | 2 (0.7-4) | 1.6 (0.7-4) | .73 |
| Radiologic findings | ||||||||||||
| Radiologic evaluation | 150 (37%) | 52 (30.2%) | .12 | 73 (39.7%) | 55 (41.4%) | .80 | 85 (52.1%) | 56 (47%) | .46 | 51 (59.3%) | 20 (37.7%) | .01 |
| No findings | 89 (59.3%) | 29 (55.8%) | .74 | 24 (32.8%) | 29 (52.7%) | .04 | 43 (50.6%) | 30 (53.6%) | .73 | 17 (33.3%) | 5 (25%) | .58 |
| Atelectasis | 19 (12.7%) | 4 (7.7%) | .45 | 14 (19.2%) | 4 (7.3%) | .07 | 4 (4.7%) | 0 (0%) | .15 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | .99 |
| Focal consolidation | 40 (26.7%) | 19 (36.5%) | .21 | 35 (47.9%) | 22 (40%) | .47 | 37 (43.5%) | 26 (46.4%) | .86 | 34 (66.7%) | 15 (75%) | .57 |
| Pneumothorax | 2 (1.3%) | 0 (0%) | .99 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | .99 | 1 (1.2%) | 0 (0%) | .99 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | .99 |
| Treatments | ||||||||||||
| Antibiotics (%) | 20% | 19% | .73 | 25% | 26% | .89 | 39% | 32% | .31 | 53% | 34% | .03 |
| Bronchodilators | 65% | 69% | .47 | 73% | 85% | .01 | 87% | 94% | .02 | 88% | 93% | .72 |
| Systemic steroids | 0.5% | 2.5% | .06 | 2.5% | 8.5% | .03 | 11% | 21% | .02 | 37% | 39% | .85 |
| Intravenous fluids | 43.5% | 28.5% | <.01 | 44.6% | 21.8% | <.01 | 35% | 28.6% | .30 | 38.5% | 22.7% | .07 |
| Enteral feeding | 28% | 12% | <.01 | 21.2% | 13.5% | .10 | 12.3% | 10% | .70 | 6% | 2% | .40 |
| Parameters of disease severity | ||||||||||||
| Severity score ≥ 8 (%) | 43% | 26% | <.01 | 36.4% | 22% | .01 | 32% | 22% | .14 | 24% | 15% | .32 |
| Severity score | 5 (4-9) | 5 (4-8) | <.01 | 5 (4-8) | 5 (4-6) | <.01 | 5 (4-8) | 5 (4-6) | .27 | 5 (4-7) | 5 (4-6) | .84 |
| Apnea | 22% | 25% | .84 | 8% | 9% | .81 | 1.5% | 3.5% | .24 | 2.3% | 0% | .52 |
| LOS | 6 (4-9) | 4 (2-6.2) | <.01 | 5 (3-7) | 5 (3-8) | .35 | 4 (3-7) | 4 (2-6) | .08 | 4 (2-6) | 3 (2-5) | .14 |
| Duration of O2 (d) | 5 (2-7) | 2 (1-5) | <.01 | 4 (2-6) | 3 (2-5) | .04 | 3 (2-5) | 2 (1-4) | .02 | 3 (1-5) | 2 (1-3) | .10 |
| HFNC | 43.7% | 26.7% | <.01 | 38% | 22% | <.01 | 27% | 21% | .26 | 22.1% | 22.6% | .90 |
| PICU admission | 28.6% | 14.5% | <.01 | 18.5% | 10.5% | .05 | 9.8% | 9.2% | .90 | 9.3% | 1.9% | .15 |
| Time in PICU (d) | 4 (2-7) | 3 (2-7) | .29 | 4 (2-5) | 3 (2-5) | .44 | 3 (1-4) | 2.5 (2-4) | .76 | 5 (2-9) | 3 (3-3) | .80 |
| CPAPP/BiPAP | 26.5% | 10.5% | <.01 | 17.4% | 9% | .04 | 8% | 9.25% | .82 | 8% | 1.9% | .15 |
| MV | 4.2% | 1.7% | .21 | 2.2% | 0% | .14 | 0% | 0.8% | .42 | 1.2% | 0% | .90 |
This table displays total bronchiolitis cases (ie, RSV bronchiolitis and non-RSV bronchiolitis cases). The treatment section reflects the need for antibiotics, bronchodilators, steroids, intravenous fluids, or enteral nutrition at any time during admission. Continuous variables were analyzed by using the Mann-Whitney U test, and categoric variables were analyzed by using the Fisher exact or chi-square test. Data are reported as medians and IQRs (25%-75%). Boldface indicates statistical significance.
CRP, C-reactive protein; MV, mechanical ventilation; WBC, white blood cell.