Table III.
Association between timing of prenatal antibiotic exposure and allergic diseases in the offspring
| Factor | Before 12 weeks |
After 12 weeks |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude |
Adjusted |
Crude |
Adjusted |
|||||
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| Doctor-diagnosed | ||||||||
| Preschool asthma | 1.19 | 1.04-1.36 | 1.07 | 0.93-1.22 | 1.16 | 1.06-1.26 | 1.06 | 0.97-1.16 |
| FA | 1.01 | 0.88-1.15 | 1.01 | 0.88-1.15 | 0.92 | 0.85-1.01 | 0.93 | 0.85-1.02 |
| AD | 1.15 | 1.01-1.32 | 1.11 | 0.97-1.27 | 1.00 | 0.91-1.09 | 0.97 | 0.88-1.06 |
| Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis | 1.40 | 1.21-1.61 | 1.29 | 1.12-1.49 | 1.18 | 1.07-1.30 | 1.11 | 1.00-1.22 |
| ISAAC-based | ||||||||
| Wheezing | 1.25 | 1.14-1.37 | 1.15 | 1.05-1.26 | 1.20 | 1.13-1.27 | 1.12 | 1.05-1.19 |
| Eczema | 1.01 | 0.91-1.12 | 0.99 | 0.89-1.09 | 1.01 | 0.94-1.07 | 1.00 | 0.93-1.07 |
| Any allergic disease | 1.17 | 1.06-1.29 | 1.10 | 1.00-1.22 | 1.17 | 1.10-1.25 | 1.12 | 1.05-1.19 |
The timing of antibiotic exposure was classified as use before or after 12 gestational age of weeks according to the interview questionnaire answered by the mothers and did not include information from the medical record transcripts. Adjusted models were adjusted for maternal age at delivery, parity, marital status, prepregnancy body mass index, preexisting hypertension, preexisting diabetes, maternal history of allergies, antipyretic or analgesic use during pregnancy, maternal education, household income, complication of pregnancy or delivery, morning sickness, weight gain during pregnancy, urinary cotinine concentration during pregnancy, alcohol consumption during pregnancy, sex of the infant, premature birth, birth weight, breast-feeding, and pet ownership.