Table IV.
Effects of antibiotic exposure during pregnancy on allergic diseases in male and female offspring
| Factor | Male |
Female |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude |
Adjusted |
Crude |
Adjusted |
|||||
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| Doctor-diagnosed | ||||||||
| Preschool asthma | 1.18 | 1.10-1.27 | 1.12 | 1.04-1.20 | 1.18 | 1.09-1.29 | 1.12 | 1.03-1.22 |
| FA | 1.06 | 0.99-1.13 | 1.05 | 0.98-1.13 | 0.99 | 0.91-1.07 | 0.98 | 0.90-1.06 |
| AD | 1.02 | 0.95-1.10 | 1.01 | 0.94-1.09 | 1.06 | 0.98-1.15 | 1.04 | 0.96-1.14 |
| Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis | 1.16 | 1.06-1.26 | 1.12 | 1.02-1.22 | 1.13 | 1.03-1.24 | 1.08 | 0.98-1.19 |
| ISAAC-based | ||||||||
| Wheezing | 1.17 | 1.11-1.23 | 1.12 | 1.06-1.18 | 1.14 | 1.08-1.20 | 1.10 | 1.04-1.16 |
| Eczema | 1.00 | 0.94-1.05 | 0.99 | 0.93-1.04 | 1.03 | 0.97-1.10 | 1.03 | 0.97-1.09 |
| Any allergic disease | 1.16 | 1.10-1.22 | 1.12 | 1.06-1.19 | 1.10 | 1.04-1.15 | 1.07 | 1.01-1.13 |
Adjusted models were adjusted for maternal age at delivery, parity, marital status, prepregnancy body mass index, preexisting hypertension, preexisting diabetes, maternal history of allergies, antipyretic or analgesic use during pregnancy, maternal education, household income, complication of pregnancy or delivery, morning sickness, weight gain during pregnancy, urinary cotinine concentration during pregnancy, alcohol consumption during pregnancy, sex of the infant, premature birth, birth weight, breast-feeding, and pet ow4nership.