Table I.
Clinical, immunologic,∗ and treatment features of patients in the present study with distinct CSU endotypes
| Parameter | Patients with CSU (n = 394) | Type I n = 151 (38%) | Type IIb n = 35 (9%) | Type I/type IIb overlap n = 201 (51%) | Non–type I/type IIb n = 7 (2%) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y), mean (± SD) | 43 (± 16) | 42 (± 16) | 46 (± 17) | 43 (± 15) | 42 (± 22) | .67† |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female, no. (%) | 324 (82.2%) | 116 (76.8%) | 27 (77.1%) | 175 (87%) | 6 (85.7%) | .06‡ |
| Male, no. (%) | 70 (17.7%) | 35 (23.1%) | 8 (22.8%) | 26 (12.9%) | 1 (14.2%) | |
| Age at onset of symptoms (y), mean (± SD) | 34 (± 17) | 34 (± 15) | 39 (± 21) | 33 (± 16) | 44 (± 19) | .24† |
| Age at diagnosis (y), mean (± SD) | 40 (± 16) | 39 (± 14) | 45 (± 21) | 39 (± 15) | 51 (± 15) | .1‡ |
| Presence of angioedema, no. (%) | 295 (74.8%) | 122 (80.7%) | 23 (65.7%) | 144 (71.6%) | 6 (85.7%) | .11‡ |
| Presence of CIndU, no. (%) | 126 (31.9%) | 49 (32.4%) | 9 (25.7%) | 66 (32.8%) | 2 (28.5%) | .9‡ |
| d-Dimer | ||||||
| High (≥500 ng/mL), no. (%) | 40 of 99 (40.4%) | 11 of 34 (32.3%) | 6 of 10 (60%) | 42.5 of 54 (57.4%) | 0 of 1 (0%) | .35‡ |
| Mean ng/mL, (± SD) | 605 (±614) | 583 (± 484) | 622 (± 389) | 623 (± 722) | 190 | .37† |
| Eosinophils | ||||||
| Eosinopenia (<0.05 × 109/L), no. (%) | 16 of 388 (4.1%) | 2 of 149 (1.3%) | 0 of 35 (0%) | 14 of 197 (7.1%) | 0 of 7 (0%) | .04‡ |
| Eosinophil count × 109/L (± SD) | 0.199 (± 0.176) | 0.218 (± 0.186) | 0.142 (± 0.148) | 0.195 (± 0.173) | 0.171 (± 0.111) | .04§ |
| Worsening with NSAIDs, no. (%) | 86 of 357 (24%) | 35 of 136 (26.4%) | 6 of 30 (20%) | 42 of 185 (22.7%) | 3 of 6 (50%) | .4‡ |
| Updosing second-generation H1 antihistamines (2×, 3×, or 4×) | 268 of 389 (68.8%) | 100 of 150 (66.6%) | 24 of 35 (68.5%) | 140 of 197 (71%) | 4 of 7 (57.1%) | .69‡ |
| Use of omalizumab, no. (%) | 39 (9.8%) | 18 (11.9%) | 5 (14.5%) | 16 (7.9%) | 0 (0%) | .41‡ |
| Fast responders to omalizumab, no. (%) | 29 of 39 (74.3%) | 14 of 18 (77.7%) | 5 of 5 (100%) | 10 of 16 (62.5%) | 0 (0%) | .46‡ |
Boldface indicates statistical significance.
CIndU, Chronic inducible urticaria; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
∗
ASST performed in 61.7% of the patients (243 of 394).
†
Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test.
‡
Fisher exact test.
§
After the Dunn test, type I and type I/type IIb overlap were shown to be different from type IIb and non–type I/type IIb.