Table I.
Clinical features and laboratory findings of previously reported pediatric cases of mammalian meat allergy due to cross-reactivity with mammalian serum albumin (in patients aged <10 years) and our present case
| Patient No. |
Our present case | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | ||
| Age (y), no. (age of onset) | 6 (6) | 8 (8) | 6 (3) | 9 (9) |
| Sex | F | M | M | M |
| Underlying diseases | AD, AR | AD, BA | AD, BA, AR, | AD, FA (egg), BA, AR |
| Control of atopic dermatitis | Poor | Poor | ND | Poor |
| Animal exposure (no. of animals) | Cat (many)∗ Dog (1) |
Cat (ND) Dog (ND) |
Cat (3) | Cat (4) |
| Symptoms with cat (or dog) exposure | Skin itching | Skin itching | Urticaria | Asthma, eczema |
| Provocateur of allergic reaction | Pork, beef | Pork, beef, smoked pork, beef intestines |
Pork, beef smoked pork, pork stomach |
Raw horse meat |
| Clinical symptoms with meat | Skin itching, urticaria | Urticaria, respiratory symptoms, anaphylaxis (skin and respiratory symptoms) |
Gastrointestinal symptoms, urticaria, respiratory symptoms |
Anaphylaxis (skin/mucous membrane and respiratory symptoms) |
| Skin prick test† | ||||
| Cat dander | NA | + | ND | NA |
| Dog dander | NA | + | ND | NA |
| Pork | ||||
| Uncooked | + | + | + | + |
| Cooked | − | − | − | − |
| Beef | ||||
| Uncooked | + | + | + | − |
| Cooked | − | + | − | − |
| Horse meat | ||||
| Uncooked | ND | ND | ND | + |
| Cooked | ND | ND | ND | − |
| Total IgE level, (IU/mL) | 7254 | 843 | 299 | 2209 |
| Specific IgE level (UA/mL)/(ISU-E)‡ | ||||
| Cat dander | 34.2 | 27.3 | 67.3 | 882 |
| Dog dander | ≥100 | 48.9 | ND | 31.8 |
| Pork | 58.6 | 17.3 | 12.1 | 6.82 |
| Beef | 7.00 | 2.64 | 1.12 | 0.99 |
| Fel d 2 | ≥100 | 62.1 | 99.8 | 49.2/50 |
| Sus s 1 | 69.2 | 18.2 | 15.7 | 6.33 |
| Can f 3 | ≥100 | 58.6 | ND | /17 |
| Bos d 6 | ND | 6.9 | 7.07 | /2.5 |
| Equ c 3 | ND | ND | ND | /13 |
| α-Gal | 0.13 | <0.1 | <0.10 | /<0.3 |
| Cross-reactivity§ | D | D | ND | D |
| Reference | Yamada et al7 | Sagawa et al8 | Kudo et al9 | |
| Year published | 2019 | 2021 | 2021 | |
AD, Atopic dermatitis; α-Gal, galactose-α–1,3-galactose; AR, allergic rhinitis; BA, bronchial asthma; D, determined; F, female; FA, food allergy; ISU-E, ISAC standardized units for detection of IgE antibodies; M, male; NA, not assessed; ND, not described.
Patient 2 had many opportunities to come into contact with cats and dogs because his parents run a veterinary clinic on the first floor of their home.
SPT-positive (+) defined as more than one-half of the wheal diameter of the positive control.
Specific IgE level measured using the ImmunoCAP assay (UA/mL)/ ImmunoCAP ISAC assay (ISU-E).
Cross-reactivity between cat epithelia and pork meat was assessed by the inhibition test.