Table 3.
The Overview of the Clinical Outcome Measures in 10 Studies That Reported on Statistical Descriptions
| Authors (Year) n = 10 | Population, Condition / chronicity | Clinical outcome measures | Scores, mean (SD) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention | Control | |||||||
| Pre | Post | Change (Pre-Post) | Pre | Post | Change (Pre-Post) | |||
| Biasiucci et al. (2018) | Stroke / Chronic | FMA-UE | 21.60(10.80)* | 28.30(14.50)* | 6.60(5.60)† | 19.90(11.20) | 22.00(12.20) | 2.10(3.00)† |
| ASH | 1.60(1.20) | 1.90(0.90) | — | 2.10(1.40) | 1.70(1.20) | — | ||
| wrist flexor | ||||||||
| ASH | 1.10(1.20) | 0.90(1.10) | — | 1.20(1.40) | 0.60(0.70) | — | ||
| wrist extensor | ||||||||
| MRC | 1.40(0.90) | 2.60(1.20) | — | 1.30(1.00) | 1.60(1.20) | — | ||
| wrist extensor | ||||||||
| ESS | 66.20(12.60) | 69.60(14.40) | — | 63.80(11.20) | 64.60(11.00) | — | ||
| Grimm et al. (2016) | Stroke / Chronic | ROM | 18.00(6.00) | 26.00(8.00) | — | — | — | — |
| wrist | ||||||||
| Jang et al. (2016) | Stroke / Sub-acute | MFT | 8.10(9.20) | 15.90(6.90) | 7.80(4.30) | 8.20(9.90) | 13.10(8.30) | 4.90(4.50) |
| MAS shoulder | 0.60(0.70) | 1.00(0.80) | 0.40(0.70) | 0.60(0.70) | 1.10(0.70) | 0.50(0.70) | ||
| Kim et al. (2016) | Stroke / Sub-acute | FMA-UE | 26.80(7.22)* | 34.67(9.31)* | 7.87(2.42)† | 21.87(8.22)* | 24.80(9.51)* | 2.93(2.74)† |
| MAL-AOU | 42.67(22.81)* | 55.73(28.57)* | 13.07(7.56)† | 38.60(23.89)* | 44.40(26.83)* | 5.80(5.51)† | ||
| MAL-QOM | 19.93(7.43)* | 29.33(14.69)* | 9.40(8.70)† | 6.87(7.29)* | 9.00(9.49)* | 2.13(3.23)† | ||
| MBI | 87.67(3.85)* | 90.87(4.03)* | 3.20(1.70)† | 70.93(13.77)* | 72.60(14.12)* | 1.67(1.50)† | ||
| ROM | 25.84(11.37)* | 38.90(16.93)* | 13.06(8.64)† | 9.91(13.89)* | 14.06(18.91)* | 4.15(6.63)† | ||
| wrist flexion | ||||||||
| Lee et al. (2020) | Stroke / Sub-acute | FMA-UE | 30.53(5.05)* | 33.84(7.45)* | 3.30(3.44)† | 29.52(3.64) | 29.84(3.53) | 0.30(0.63)† |
| WMFT | 21.30(5.05)* | 24.76(7.92)* | 3.46(1.72)† | 20.15(3.80) | 20.53(3.82) | 0.38(0.65)† | ||
| MAL | 50.07(13.98)* | 58.61(17.76)* | 8.53(7.41)† | 51.23(7.71)* | 52.38(7.68)* | 1.15(0.98)† | ||
| MBI | 52.84(11.05)* | 59.92(13.96)* | 7.07(6.31)† | 50.76(6.77)* | 51.76(7.58)* | 1.07(1.25)† | ||
| Li et al. (2014) | Stroke / Sub-acute | FMA-UE | 13.57(4.72)* | 26.29(11.97)* | 12.71(12.16) | 11.71(2.63)* | 18.43(4.89)* | 6.71(4.46) |
| ARAT | 0.29(0.76)* | 18.29(9.46)* | 18.00(9.46)† | 0.00(0.00)* | 7.57(8.20)* | 7.57(9.46)† | ||
| Miao et al. (2020) | Stroke / Sub-acute and chronic | FMA-UE | 19.50(9.90) | 23.00(11.40) | 3.50(5.18) | 20.60(9.70) | 21.50(10.00) | 0.87(1.25) |
| Osuagwu et al. (2016)‡ | SCI / Sub-acute | ROM | 8.30 | 24.35 | — | 21.90 | 32.80 | — |
| wrist | ||||||||
| Remsik et al. (2019)§ | Stroke / Sub-acute and chronic | ARAT | 16.90(23.00)* | 18.30(23.40)* | 1.30 | — | — | — |
| SIS | 33.60(38.10) | 39.00(37.50) | 5.40 | — | — | — | ||
| hand function | ||||||||
| SIS | 50.10(23.70) | 53.40(24.90) | 3.30 | — | — | — | ||
| recovery | ||||||||
| NIHSS | 3.80(3.50) | 3.80(3.10) | 0.00 | — | — | — | ||
| BI | 91.40(14.00) | 92.00(13.90) | 0.60 | — | — | — | ||
| Grip strength (lbs) | 18.80(21.50)* | 22.60(23.50)* | 3.80 | — | — | — | ||
| 9-HPT (s) | 17.70(22.80) | 15.00(19.10) | −2.50 | — | — | — | ||
| MMSE | 27.20(3.80) | 27.80(2.70) | 0.60 | — | — | — | ||
| CES-D | 7.60(5.80) | 7.80(9.90) | 0.20 | — | — | — | ||
| Scores, (median IQR) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | Change (Pre-Post) | ||||||
| Sebastian-Romagosa et al. (2020) | Stroke / Sub-acute and chronic | FMA-UE | 19 (9.63–33.88)* | 22 (12.00–41.75)* | 4.68(4.92) | — | — | — |
| BI | 90 (70.00–95.00) | 95 (67.50–100.00) | 2.62(5.82) | — | — | — | ||
| MAS | 2.50 (0.63–3.50)* | 1 (0.00–3.00)* | −0.72(0.83) | — | — | — | ||
| Wrist | ||||||||
| MAS | 2.50 (1.00–3.50)* | 2 (1.00–3.00)* | –0.63(0.82) | — | — | — | ||
| Fingers | ||||||||
Within group significant difference in pre-post scores
Between groups significant difference in mean score changes
Only the mean was available in this study.
The scores reported in this study are based on the 9 out of 21 individuals who realized improved ARAT scores following the intervention.
FMA-UE = Fugl-Meyer Assessment – Upper Extremity score; ASH = Ashworth Scale; MAS = Modified Ashworth Scale; MRC = Medical Research Council; ESS = European Stroke Scale; ROM = range of motion; MFT = Manual Function Test; MAL = Motor Activity Log; MAL-AOU = Motor Activity Log Activity of Use; MAL- QOM = Motor Activity Log Quality of Movement; BI = Barthel Index; MBI = Modified Barthel Index; WMFT = Wolf Motor Function Test; ARAT = Action Research Arm Test; SIS = Stroke Impact Scale; SCI = spinal cord injury; NIHSS = National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; 9-HPT = Nine-Hole Peg Test; MMSE = Mini Mental State Examination; CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies - Depression; IQR = interquartile range.