TABLE 2.
Demographic Characteristics, Clinical and Lifestyle Characteristics, and Characteristics of Caregiving of the Study Population by MCI and AD Severities
| Patients with MCI (n = 17,885) | Patients with mild ADa (n = 171) | Patients with moderate AD (n = 262) | Patients with severe AD (n = 176) | Total patients with ADb (n = 901) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | |||||
| Age, mean (SD), years | 67.8 (10.7) | 78.7 (9.0) | 81.1 (8.0) | 82.0 (7.9) | 80.9 (9.3) |
| Female sex, n (%) | 9,955 (55.7) | 97 (56.7) | 152 (58.0) | 113 (64.2) | 570 (63.3) |
| Hispanic ethnicity, n (%) | 1,919 (10.7) | 30 (17.5) | 31 (11.9) | 17 (9.7) | 119 (13.2) |
| Highest level of education, n (%) | |||||
| Less than high school | 4,444 (24.8) | 65 (38.0) | 89 (34.0) | 54 (30.7) | 322 (35.7) |
| High school/GED | 9,197 (51.4) | 80 (46.8) | 123 (46.9) | 92 (52.3) | 428 (47.5) |
| Some college or higher | 4,244 (23.7) | 26 (15.2) | 50 (19.1) | 33 (18.8) | 151 (16.8) |
| Marital status, n (%) | |||||
| Married or partnered | 11,348 (63.4) | 66 (38.6) | 108 (41.2) | 71 (40.3) | 300 (33.3) |
| Married, spouse absent | 135 (0.8) | 10 (5.8) | 18 (6.9) | 8 (4.5) | 58 (6.4) |
| Separated/divorced | 2,098 (11.7) | 25 (14.6) | 21 (8.0) | 18 (10.2) | 94 (10.4) |
| Widowed | 3,591 (20.1) | 65 (38.0) | 108 (41.2) | 75 (42.6) | 421 (46.7) |
| Never married | 712 (4.0) | 5 (2.9) | 7 (2.7) | 4 (2.3) | 28 (3.1) |
| Employment, n (%) | |||||
| Working for pay (employed) | 4,987 (27.8) | 4 (2.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) | 8 (0.9) |
| Not working for pay (unemployed, disabled, retired etc) | 12,642 (70.7) | 167 (97.7) | 261 (99.6) | 175 (99.4) | 892 (99.0) |
| Missing | 256 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) |
| Annual income, mean (SD), USD | 11,077 (33,887) | 1,210.5 (8,213.5) | 157.4 (2,177.3) | 0.0 (0.0) | 385.9 (4,158.6) |
| Early retirement, n (%) | 7 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Number of workdays missed per month, mean (SD) | 0.1 (0.9) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.3) |
| Currently living in nursing home, n (%) | 96 (0.5) | 45 (26.3) | 80 (30.5) | 40 (22.7) | 322 (35.7) |
| Clinical and lifestyle characteristics | |||||
| Chronic conditions, n (%)c | |||||
| High blood pressure | 9,319 (52.1) | 135 (78.9) | 194 (74.0) | 122 (69.3) | 682 (75.7) |
| Diabetes | 3,350 (18.7) | 59 (34.) | 85 (32.4) | 65 (36.9) | 290 (32.2) |
| Cancer | 2,301 (12.9) | 42 (24.6) | 57 (21.8) | 47 (26.7) | 209 (23.2) |
| Lung disease | 1,531 (8.6) | 46 (26.9) | 37 (14.1) | 21 (11.9) | 148 (16.4) |
| Heart problems | 4,115 (23.0) | 93 (54.4) | 113 (43.1) | 70 (39.8) | 385 (42.7) |
| Stroke | 1,341 (7.5) | 56 (32.7) | 72 (27.5) | 42 (23.9) | 285 (31.6) |
| Emotional, nervous, or psychiatric problems | 2,175 (12.2) | 72 (42.1) | 101 (38.5) | 51 (29.0) | 376 (41.7) |
| Depression | 1,300 (7.3) | 82 (48.0) | 106 (40.5) | 52 (29.5) | 377 (41.8) |
| Patient-reported medication use for, n (%)c | |||||
| High blood pressure | 9,086 (50.8) | 125 (73.1) | 176 (67.2) | 106 (60.2) | 587 (65.1) |
| Diabetes | 2,640 (14.8) | 44 (25.7) | 55 (21.0) | 44 (25.0) | 198 (22.0) |
| Cancer | 700 (3.9) | 11 (6.4) | 13 (5.0) | 9 (5.1) | 46 (5.1) |
| Lung disease | 1,226 (6.9) | 33 (19.3) | 23 (8.8) | 12 (6.8) | 94 (10.4) |
| Heart problems | 3,123 (17.5) | 75 (43.9) | 88 (33.6) | 47 (26.7) | 269 (29.9) |
| Stroke | 697 (3.9) | 32 (18.7) | 38 (14.5) | 24 (13.6) | 140 (15.5) |
| Psychiatric problems | 883 (4.9) | 36 (21.1) | 45 (17.2) | 27 (15.3) | 172 (19.1) |
| Presence of any chronic condition or patient-reported medication use | 1,3021 (72.8) | 161 (94.2) | 248 (94.) | 158 (89.8) | 849 (94.2) |
| CESD score, mean (SD) | 1.6 (2.0) | 2.8 (2.5) | 1.9 (2.2) | 1.8 (2.2) | 2.2 (2.4) |
| Smoking status: never smoked, n (%) | 7,609 (42.6) | 81 (48.2) | 125 (47.9) | 87 (49.4) | 442 (49.4) |
| Alcohol consumption, n (%) | |||||
| < 1 day | 12,121 (67.8) | 137 (81.5) | 230 (87.8) | 156 (89.1) | 798 (89.0) |
| 1-2 days | 3,097 (17.3) | 15 (8.9) | 16 (6.1) | 12 (6.9) | 53 (5.9) |
| ≥3 days | 2,662 (14.9) | 16 (9.4) | 16 (6.1) | 7 (4.0) | 46 (5.1) |
| Having difficulties with any ADL/IADL, n (%) | 4,037 (22.6) | 139 (81.3) | 232 (88.5) | 164 (93.2) | 819 (90.9) |
| Mapped BADLS score, mean (SD) | 1.7 (3.8) | 12.9 (9.4) | 14.5 (8.5) | 17.3 (7.5) | 16.6 (8.6) |
| Characteristics of caregiving | |||||
| Caregiver needed, n (%) | 1,553 (11.8) | 121 (70.8) | 206 (78.6) | 156 (88.6) | 735 (81.6) |
| If caregiver needed, relationship with patient, n (%) | n = 1,553d | n = 121d | n = 206d | n = 156d | n = 735d |
| Spouse | 458 (29.5) | 21 (17.4) | 45 (21.8) | 45 (48.8) | 158 (21.5) |
| Son/daughter | 422 (27.2) | 61 (50.4) | 86 (41.7) | 100 (64.1) | 421 (57.3) |
| Spouse/partner of son/daughter | 48 (3.1) | 10 (8.3) | 14 (6.8) | 18 (11.5) | 82 (11.2) |
| Grandchild | 97 (6.2) | 15 (12.4) | 14 (6.8) | 23 (14.7) | 90 (12.2) |
| Other relative | 98 (6.3) | 1 (0.8) | 15 (7.3) | 14 (9.0) | 77 (10.5) |
| Other individual | 149 (9.6) | 17 (14.0) | 17 (8.3) | 20 (12.8) | 101 (13.7) |
| Organization/paid caregiver | 186 (12.0) | 58 (47.9) | 122 (59.2) | 105 (67.3) | 479 (65.2) |
| Total hours of unpaid help in the last month, mean (SD) | 7.7 (52.7) | 109.7 (197.5) | 102.3 (185.8) | 181.5 (238.5) | 173.6 (229.4) |
| If caregiver needed, employment of caregiver, n (%) | n = 1,553d | n = 121d | n = 206d | n = 156d | n = 735d |
| Working for pay (employed) | 119 (7.7) | 2 (1.7) | 3 (1.5) | 4 (2.6) | 13 (1.8) |
| Not working for pay (unemployed, disabled, retired etc.) | 339 (21.8) | 19 (15.7) | 42 (20.4) | 41 (26.3) | 145 (19.7) |
| Not known (if caregiver was not the spouse) | 1,095 (70.5) | 100 (82.6) | 161 (78.2.5) | 111 (71.2) | 577 (78.5) |
| Annual income of caregiver, mean (SD), USD | 12,615 (34,065) | 2,693.4 (12,005) | 4,017.5 (15,316) | 3,177.2 (19,974) | 3,841.7 (21,600) |
aPatients with mild AD include patients with AD with TICS-m greater than or equal to 17, ie, considered as mild, MCI, or normal based on their TICS-m.
bTotal patients with AD include patients with AD with missing TICS-m (n = 292).
cNonexclusive categories.
dDenominator was the number of respondents who needed a caregiver.
AD = Alzheimer disease; ADL = activities of daily living; BADLS = Bristol activities of daily living score (higher scores indicating more impaired ADL); CESD = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (higher scores indicated a higher frequency of depressive symptoms); GED = general educational diploma; IADL = instrumental activities of daily living; MCI = mild cognitive impairment; TICS-m = modified Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status.