Table 4.
Associations Between Cervical Cancer Screening Awareness, Knowledge, and Perceptions and Attempts to Receive Screening in the Past Year Among 710 My Body My Test-3 Participants
| Sought screening in past yeara |
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude OR (95% CI)b | p | Adjusted OR (95% CI)c | p | |
| Awareness | ||||
| Awareness of HPV and cervical cancer (3-item index)d | 2.09 (0.98–4.46) | 0.06 | 2.12 (0.99–4.56) | 0.05 |
| Knowledge | ||||
| Knowledge about HPV and cervical cancer screening (7-item index)e | 1.85 (0.56–6.05) | 0.31 | 2.25 (0.67–7.61) | 0.19 |
| Risk appraisal | ||||
| Perceived risk of cervical cancer (3-item scale)f | 1.58 (1.20–2.07) | <0.01 | 1.63 (1.24–2.13) | <0.01 |
| Embodiment of risk (2-item scale)f | 1.05 (0.87–1.28) | 0.60 | 1.03 (0.85–1.26) | 0.74 |
| Perceived severity of cervical cancer | 1.16 (0.88–1.54) | 0.29 | 1.17 (0.88–1.55) | 0.27 |
| Anticipated regret of getting screened if the test ended up being painful | 1.04 (0.85–1.28) | 0.70 | 1.01 (0.81–1.24) | 0.95 |
| Anticipated regret of not getting screened if an abnormality was found in the future | 1.27 (0.98–1.65) | 0.07 | 1.30 (1.00–1.69) | 0.05 |
| Belief that she needs a Pap test even if she takes good care of herself | 1.26 (1.02–1.56) | 0.03 | 1.27 (1.03–1.58) | 0.03 |
| Belief that there is little a person can do to reduce her risk of cervical cancer | 1.14 (0.95–1.37) | 0.15 | 1.13 (0.94–1.35) | 0.20 |
| Would rather not know if she had cervical cancer | 1.07 (0.85–1.34) | 0.59 | 1.07 (0.85–1.35) | 0.55 |
| Screening perceptions | ||||
| Positive perceptions of screening (3-item scale)f | 2.52 (1.38–4.62) | <0.01 | 2.51 (1.38–4.57) | <0.01 |
| Negative perceptions of screening (2-item scale)f | 1.14 (0.91–1.43) | 0.24 | 1.13 (0.90–1.41) | 0.31 |
| Perceived effectiveness of screening in lowering chances of getting cervical cancer | 1.20 (1.02–1.42) | 0.03 | 1.17 (0.99–1.39) | 0.06 |
| How nervous does screening make you feel? | 1.51 (1.15–1.99) | <0.01 | 1.50 (1.14–1.98) | <0.01 |
| Stigma | ||||
| Belief that if she had cervical cancer, people would think she slept around | 1.17 (0.97–1.41) | 0.10 | 1.15 (0.95–1.38) | 0.16 |
| Screening intent | ||||
| Competing health priorities are keeping her from getting screened right now | 0.92 (0.78–1.08) | 0.28 | 0.93 (0.79–1.09) | 0.37 |
| Confidence in her ability to get screening if she wants | 0.87 (0.74–1.02) | 0.09 | 0.86 (0.73–1.02) | 0.08 |
Bold p-values indicate p < 0.05.
Ascertained via participant response to the question “In the past year, have you tried to get a Pap smear?”
ORs represent the change in odds with a 1-unit increase in the respective index or scale.
Adjusted for participant self-reported race/ethnicity (included as a single categorical variable as White non-Latina/Hispanic, Black non-Latina/Hispanic, or Latina/Hispanic) and the number of doctor visits in the past year (included as a continuous numerical variable).
Index for awareness of HPV and cervical cancer consisting of 3 items, displayed in Figure 1.
Index for knowledge about HPV and cervical cancer screening consisting of 7 items, displayed in Figure 1.
Scales for perceived risk, embodiment of risk, positive screening perceptions, and negative screening perceptions displayed and described in Table 1.