Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and treatment limitations
| Characteristic | No chronic dysglycaemia | Chronic dysglycaemia | P value* | |||
| Pre-diabetes | Unknown diabetes | Controlled diabetes | Uncontrolled diabetes | |||
| No (%) | 61 (19.8) | 114 (37.0) | 60 (19.4) | 25 (8.11) | 48 (15.5) | |
| Age, years | 57 (51, 63) | 61 (53, 68) | 60 (52, 68) | 63 (57, 71) | 62 (55, 69) | 0.03 |
| Male sex | 48 (78.6) | 92 (80.7) | 47 (78.3) | 21 (84.0) | 36 (75.0) | 1.00 |
| Body mass index†, kg/m2 | 27 (25, 32) | 27 (25, 30) | 28 (25, 31) | 29 (26, 32) | 30 (26, 33) | 0.97 |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 39 (36, 40) | 44 (43, 46) | 51 (49, 57) | 47 (44, 49) | 70 (61, 81) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes treatment | ||||||
| Diet only | 6 (24.0) | 2 (4.1) | ||||
| OAD only | 17 (68) | 19 (39.5) | ||||
| Insulin only | 1 (4.0) | 12 (25.0) | ||||
| OAD+insulin | 1 (4.0) | 15 (31.2) | ||||
| Comorbidity | ||||||
| Hypertension | 18 (29.5) | 40 (35.0) | 23 (38.3) | 16 (64.0) | 34 (70.8) | 0.02 |
| Heart failure | 6 (9.8) | 5 (4.3) | 6 (10.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (6.2) | 0.24 |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 2 (3.2) | 4 (3.5) | 6 (10.0) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (14.5) | 0.38 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 4 (6.5) | 13 (11.4) | 7 (11.6) | 6 (24.0) | 11 (22.9) | 0.09 |
| Liver disease | 2 (3.2) | 4 (3.5) | 1 (1.6) | 1 (4.0) | 1 (2.0) | 1.00 |
| Any malignancy | 0 (0.0) | 8 (7.0) | 2 (3.3) | 2 (8.0) | 4 (8.3) | 0.04 |
| Astma/COPD | 13 (21.3) | 20 (17.5) | 14 (23.3) | 5 (20.0) | 9 (18.7) | 0.72 |
| SAPS 3‡ | 53 (48, 60) | 55 (49, 60) | 57 (52, 62) | 59 (52, 63) | 56 (52, 69) | 0.18 |
| Chronic drug use | ||||||
| Corticosteroids§ | 5 (8.20) | 16 (14.04) | 8 (13.3) | 4 (16.0) | 6 (12.5) | 0.24 |
| Immunosuppressive therapy¶ | 1 (1.6) | 8 (7.0) | 3 (5.0) | 1 (4.0) | 1 (2.0) | 0.31 |
| Treatment limitations** | ||||||
| Any limitation | 14 (22.9) | 19 (16.6) | 13 (21.6) | 8 (32.0) | 13 (27.0) | 0.86 |
| No RRT | 5 (8.2) | 7 (6.1) | 5 (8.3) | 5 (20.0) | 6 (12.5) | 1.00 |
| No IMV | 6 (9.8) | 10 (8.7) | 4 (6.6) | 4 (16.0) | 6 (12.5) | 1,00 |
| No CPR | 9 (14.7) | 19 (16.6) | 12 (20.0) | 8 (32.0) | 12 (25.0) | 0.36 |
| No ECMO | 7 (11.4) | 3 (2.6) | 5 (8.3) | 3 (12.0) | 3 (6.2) | 0.15 |
| Palliative care†† | 1 (1.6) | 18 (16.5) | 7 (12.2) | 4 (16.6) | 5 (10.8) | 0.006 |
Data are n (%) or median (IQR).
*P values for the comparison between no chronic dysglycaemia and chronic dysglycaemia, Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data and Fisher’s exact test for comparison of categorical data.
†Missing data in 15 patients (293 patients with data).
‡Missing data in 2 patients (306 patients with data).
§Systemic or inhalatory corticosteroids.
¶Immunosuppressive therapy was defined as: treatment with methotrexate, azathioprine, ciclosporin, tacrolimus, infliximab.
**Decision taken any time during ICU stay.
††Decision to go over to palliative care taken during ICU stay.
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin A1c; ICU, intensive care unit; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; OAD, oral hypoglycaemic agent; RRT, renal replacement therapy; SAPS, Simplified Acute Physiology Score.