Table 1. Characteristics of the studies.
| Reference Country | Study design | Study period | Data collection tools | Age Mean±SD | Sample size | Intervention | Pain score | Risk of bias domains: ROB-2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aktan et al., 2021Turkey 11 | RCT | N/A | VAS | Pilates: 27.52±3.88 Control: 25.5±4.19 |
Pilates: 21 Control: 22 |
16–24 weeks of pregnancy For 8 weeks Twice a week 60 min |
Pilates: 6.7±1.19 Control: 8.4±0.79 |
Some concerns |
| Ghandali, 2021Iranian 3 | RCT | 2020 | VAS | Pilates: 25.16±4.41 Control: 23.81±4.30 |
Pilates: 51 Control: 52 |
26–28 weeks of pregnancy For 8 weeks Twice a week 35 min |
First measurement Pilates: 5.04±0.99 Control: 6.14±1.07 Second measurement Pilates: 6.20±0.87 Control: 7.46±1.16 Third measurement Pilates: 7.44±0.81 Control: 8.51±1.14 |
Low risk |
| Mazzarino et al., 2022 Australia 14 | RCT | N/A | PMI | N/A | Pilates: 11 Control: 7 |
From the 18th week For 6 weeks At least 30 min |
Pilates: 86.4±17.2 Control: 78.6±22.5 |
Low risk |
| Sonmezer et al., 2021 Turkey 2 | RCT | 2019 | VAS | Pilates: 29.00±2.75 Control: 28.00±2.10 |
Pilates: 20 Control: 20 |
From 22nd to 24th week For 8 weeks Twice a week 60–70 min |
Pilates: 17.20±10.80 Control: 38.40±17.50 |
Low risk |
RCT: randomized controlled trial; VAS: Visual Analog Scale; PMI: Pregnancy Mobility Index; N/A: not applicable; SD: standard deviation.