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. 2023 Sep 20;11:31. doi: 10.1186/s40345-023-00311-w

Table 2.

Multiple regression investigating the association between CT (CTQ total score), CT*group, cognitive function and psychosocial functioning controlling for possible confounding effects of diagnostic group, sex, age, verbal IQ and depressive symptoms

B 95% CI S.E t p
Global cognition
 CT − 0.00 − 0.01–0.00 0.00 − 0.88 0.38
 Diagnostic group 0.32 − 0.21–− 0.86 0.27 1.19 0.24
 Diagnostic group *CT 0.00 − 0.02–0.02 0.01 0.28 0.78
 Age − 0.03 − 0.04–− 0.03 0.00 − 11.85  > 0.001**
 Verbal IQ 0.04 0.03–0.05 0.01 8.63  > 0.001**
 HDRS − 0.01 − 0.02–0.01 0.01 − 1.10 0.27
Attention
 CT 0.00 − 0.01–0.01 0.00 − 0.06 0.95
 Diagnostic group 0.68 0.01–1.34 0.34 2.00 0.046*
 Diagnostic group*CT − 0.01 − 0.03–0.01 0.01 − 0.77 0.44
 Sex 0.22 0.09–0.35 0.07 3.27 0.001*
 Age − 0.03 − 0.03–− 0.02 0.00 − 8.33  < 0.001**
 Verbal IQ 0.04 0.03–0.05 0.01 6.32  < 0.001**
 HDRS − 0.01 − 0.03–0.01 0.01 − 1.12 0.26
Psychomotor speed
 CT − 0.01 − 0.01–0.00 0.00 − 1.19 0.23
 Diagnostic group 1.09 0.21–1.97 0.45 2.44 0.015*
 Diagnostic group*CT − 0.02 − 0.05–0.01 0.01 − 1.44 0.15
 Sex − 0.23 − 0.40–− 0.06 0.09 − 2.59 0.01*
 Age − 0.03 − 0.04–− 0.02 0.00 − 7.03  < 0.001**
 Verbal IQ 0.03 0.02–0.05 0.01 4.16  < 0.001**
 HDRS − 0.02 − 0.04–0.01 0.01 − 1.43 0.15
Working memory
 CT − 0.01 − 0.01–− 0.00 0.00 − 1.97 0.050*
 Diagnostic group − 0.11 − 0.83–0.61 0.37 − 0.31 0.76
 Diagnostic group *CT 0.02 − 0.01–0.04 0.01 1.53 0.13
 Sex 0.36 0.22–0.50 0.07 4.95  < 0.001**
 Age − 0.04 − 0.04–− 0.03 0.00 − 10.17  < 0.001**
 Verbal IQ 0.04 0.03–0.05 0.01 6.52  < 0.001**
 HDRS − 0.00 − 0.02–0.02 0.01 − 0.32 0.75
Verbal fluency and executive function
 CT 0.00 − 0.00–0.01 0.00 0.69 0.49
 Diagnostic group 0.27 − 0.40–0.94 0.34 0.79 0.43
 Diagnostic group *CT 0.00 − 0.02–0.02 0.01 0.20 0.84
 Age − 0.02 − 0.03–− 0.02 0.00 − 7.26  < 0.001**
 Verbal IQ 0.06 0.05–0.07 0.01 9.74  < 0.001**
 HDRS − 0.01 − 0.03–0.01 0.01 − 0.77 0.44
Psychosocial functioning (FAST Total score)
 CT 0.12 0.05–0.20 0.04 3.07 0.002*
 Diagnostic group − 10.65 − 17.43–− 3.87 3.45 − 3.09 0.002*
 Diagnostic group*CT − 0.11 − 0.31–0.10 0.10 − 1.04 0.30
 Sex − 3.82 − 5.59–− 2.06 0.90 − 4.25  < 0.001**
 Age 0.17 0.09–0.25 0.04 4.20  < 0.001**
 HDRS 0.73 0.47–0.98 0.13 5.62  < 0.001**

CI Confidence interval, CTQ Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, FAST Functioning Short Assessment Test, HDRS Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, IQ Intelligence Quotient, S.E. Standard error

*p ≤ 0.05, **p < 0.01