Table 3.
Comparison of sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value of seated and standing blood pressures.
| Sensitivity (95% CI) | Specificity (95% CI) | PPV (95% CI) | NPV (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2017 ACC/AHA guideline for hypertension | ||||
| Seated SBP | 43 (28–58)% | 92 (86–98)% | 72 (54–90)% | 76 (68–84)% |
| Standing SBP† | 71* (58–85)% | 67* (56–76)% | 52 (39–65)% | 82 (73–91)% |
| Seated DBP | 45 (30–60)% | 83 (75–91)% | 58 (41–74)% | 75 (66–84)% |
| Standing DBP† | 67* (52–81)% | 70* (71–90)% | 53 (40–66)% | 81 (71–90)% |
| 2023 ESH guideline for hypertension | ||||
| Seated SBP | 42 (22–61)% | 97 (94–100)% | 77 (54–100)% | 88 (81–94)% |
| Standing SBP‡ | 83* (68–98)% | 60* (51–70)% | 33 (21–45)% | 94 (88–100)% |
| Seated DBP | 29 (11–47)% | 99 (97–100)% | 88 (65–100)% | 85 (79–92)% |
| Standing DBP‡ | 58* (39–78)% | 77* (69–85)% | 38 (22–53)% | 89 (82–95)% |
*Statistically significant difference when compared to seated BP (P < 0.05).
†Optimal cutoffs derived from Youden’s index for standing BP: 124/81 mmHg (based on 2017 ACC/AHA Guidelines).
‡Optimal cutoffs derived from Youden’s index for standing BP: 123.5/83.5 mmHg (based on 2023 ESH Guidelines).
ACC American College of Cardiology, AHA American Heart Association, BP blood pressure, CI confidence interval, DBP diastolic BP, ESH European Society of Hypertension, NPV negative predictive value, PPV positive predictive value, SBP systolic BP.