Table 1.

JUICE Jupiter Scientific Objectives

JA	Characterise the atmospheric dynamics and circulation
JA.1	Investigate the dynamics and variability of Jupiter’s weather layer.
JA.2	Determine the thermodynamics of atmospheric meteorology.
JA.3	Quantify the roles of wave propagation and atmospheric coupling on energy and material transport.
JA.4	Investigate auroral structure and energy transport mechanisms at high latitudes.
JA.5	Understand the interrelationships between the ionosphere and thermosphere.
JB	Characterise the atmospheric composition and chemistry
JB.1	Determine Jupiter’s bulk elemental composition to constrain formation and evolution.
JB.2	Investigate upper atmospheric chemistry and exogenic inputs from the stratosphere to the thermosphere.
JB.3	Study spatial variation in composition associated with discrete phenomena and polar vortices.
JB.4	Determine the importance of moist convection in meteorology, cloud formation, and chemistry.
JC	Characterise the atmospheric vertical structure and clouds
JC.1	Determine the three-dimensional temperature, cloud and aerosols structure from Jupiter’s upper troposphere to the lower thermosphere.
JC.2	Study coupling by waves, eddy mixing and global circulation across atmospheric layers.