Table 1.
Small Area Layer Characteristics
| Characteristics, median [IQR] or n (%) | In Low Mortality Cluster (n = 90) |
Not In Low Mortality Cluster (n = 1053) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Age, years | 24.0 [23.0–25.0] | 25.0 [23.0–27.0] | <0.001 |
| Median bedrooms per household | 3.0 [2.0–4.0] | 4.0 [2.0–5.0] | <0.001 |
| Percent Black African | 99.2 [66.8–99.5] | 99.4 [86.7–99.8] | 0.007 |
| Percent female | 52.0 [50.8–53.2] | 51.4 [49.5–53.1] | 0.013 |
| Percent no school past age 20 | 4.0 [3.0–7.0] | 3.0 [1.0–5.0] | <0.001 |
| Percent no school at all | 4.0 [3.0–7.0] | 3.0 [1.0–5.0] | <0.001 |
| Percent earning >3,200 ZAR/month | 5.1 [3.5–6.9] | 9.2 [5.3–18.7] | <0.001 |
| Percent employed | 38.7 [31.3–45.3] | 41.0 [30.3–51.1] | 0.143 |
| Main household type | |||
| Formal | 90 (100.0) | 967/1046 (92.5) | 0.063 |
| Informal | 0 (0.0) | 40/1046 (3.8) | |
| Traditional | 0 (0.0) | 37/1046 (3.5) | |
| Other | 0 (0.0) | 2/1046 (0.2) | |
| Main cooking method | |||
| Electricity | 90 (100.0) | 1012/1046 (96.8) | 0.221 |
| Wood | 0 (0.0) | 25/1046 (2.4) | |
| Paraffin | 0 (0.0) | 9/1046 (0.9) | |
| Main heating method | |||
| Electricity | 90 (100.0) | 995/1046 (95.1) | 0.332 |
| Wood | 0 (0.0) | 40/1046 (3.8) | |
| Paraffin | 0 (0.0) | 7/1046 (0.7) | |
| Coal | 0 (0.0) | 2/1046 (0.2) | |
| Gas | 0 (0.0) | 2/1046 (0.2) | |
| Main lighting method | |||
| Electricity | 90 (100.0) | 1008/1046 (96.4) | 0.184 |
| Candles | 0 (0.0) | 37/1046 (3.5) | |
| Paraffin | 0 (0.0) | 1/1046 (0.1) | |
| Piped water | |||
| Piped (tap) water inside dwelling/institution | 43 (47.8) | 712/1051 (67.8) | <0.001 |
| Piped (tap) water inside yard | 16 (17.8) | 256/1051 (24.4) | |
| Piped (tap) water on community stand: distance less than 200m from dwelling/institution | 30 (33.3) | 52/1051 (5) | |
| Piped (tap) water on community stand: distance between 200m and 500m from dwelling/institution | 1 (1.1) | 14/1051 (1.3) | |
| Piped (tap) water on community stand: distance greater than 1000m (1km) from dwelling/institution | 0 (0.0) | 6/1051 (0.6) | |
| No access to piped (tap) water | 0 (0.0) | 11/1051 (1.1) | |
| Refuse | |||
| Removed by local authority/private company at least once a week | 66 (73.3) | 921/1046 (88.1) | 0.005 |
| Removed by local authority/private company less often | 4 (4.4) | 5/1046 (0.5) | |
| Own refuse dump | 20 (22.2) | 106/1046 (10.1) | |
| Communal refuse dump | 0 (0.0) | 2/1046 (0.2) | |
| No rubbish disposal/Other | 0 (0.0) | 12/1046 (1.1) | |
| Toilet | |||
| Flush toilet (sewage system) | 41 (45.6) | 783/1046 (74.9) | <0.001 |
| Flush toilet (septic tank) | 8 (8.9) | 57/1046 (5.5) | |
| Chemical toilet | 24 (26.7) | 59/1046 (5.6) | |
| Pit toilet with ventilation | 3 (3.3) | 67/1046 (6.4) | |
| Pit toilet without ventilation | 11 (12.2) | 51/1046 (4.9) | |
| Bucket toilet/None/Other | 3 (3.3) | 29/1046 (2.8) | |