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. 2023 Feb 7;130(8):1316–1328. doi: 10.1017/S0007114523000302

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© The Author(s) 2023

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.

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Fig. 6. — Change from baseline for (a) serum total GIP (n 7), (b) plasma-active GLP-1 (n 6), (c) plasma PYY (n 7) and (d) plasma ghrelin (n 7), through 1 h of feeding and 3-h post-feeding (mean ± sem) for F + ALG and F-ALG. (a) (serum total GIP): There was a significant feed-by-time interaction (P = 0·002). Pairwise comparison showed significantly lower levels with F + ALG than with F-ALG at 100 min (P = 0·04), 120 min (P = 0·01), 140 min (P = 0·03), 160 min (P = 0·03) and 180 min (P = 0·03). (b) (plasma-active GLP-1): There was a significant feed-by-time interaction (P = 0·02). Pairwise comparison showed significantly lower levels with F + ALG than with F-ALG at 60 min (P = 0·03), 100 min (P = 0·001), 120 min (P = 0·002) and 180 min (P = 0·003). (c) (plasma PYY): No feed-by-time interaction (P = 0·44) was seen, but a main effect of feed (P = 0·004) was observed with no significant main effect of time (P = 0·10). (d) (plasma ghrelin): There was a tendency for a feed-by-time interaction observed (P = 0·07), no significant effect of feed (P = 0·30), but a significant main effect of time was observed (P < 0·001). (F + ALG, alginate-containing feed; F–ALG, alginate-free feed). GIP, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide; GLP-1, glucagon-like-peptide 1; PYY, peptide YY.