TABLE 2.

Associations of socioeconomic position indicators and psychosocial work environment with prediabetes, and prevalent and incident type 2 diabetes (The Maastricht Study, Limburg, The Netherlands, 2010–2020).

	Cross-sectional			Longitudinal
		Prediabetes	T2DM		Incident T2DM
	N	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	N	HR (95% CI)
Education
High	3,324			2,708
Intermediate	2,259	1.27** (1.08, 1.49)	1.75*** (1.51, 2.04)	1,717	1.58* (1.07, 2.35)
Low	2,507	1.49*** (1.28, 1.74)	2.49*** (2.16, 2.87)	1,709	2.21*** (1.53, 3.20)
Income
High	2,196			1,824
Intermediate	1,878	1.05 (0.87, 1.26)	1.28** (1.08, 1.53)	1,592	1.58* (1.07, 2.35)
Low	2,563	1.35*** (1.14, 1.59)	2.15*** (1.84, 2.52)	1,654	2.53*** (1.61, 3.98)
Occupation
High	1,194			973
Intermediate	1,155	1.23 (0.97, 1.55)	1.59*** (1.26, 2.01)	877	1.42 (0.75, 2.66)
Low	1,158	1.50*** (1.19, 1.90)	2.63*** (2.10, 3.30)	800	2.26** (1.26, 4.08)
Job Control
High	3,141			2,371
Intermediate	2,584	1.02 (0.88, 1.19)	1.06 (0.92, 1.22)	1,990	1.09 (0.75, 1.57)
Low	2,365	1.12 (0.96, 1.32)	1.44*** (1.25, 1.67)	1,773	1.33 (0.92, 1.94)
Job Demand
Low	1,785			1,352
Intermediate	3,419	1.04 (0.88, 1.23)	0.90 (0.77, 1.06)	2,647	0.77 (0.53, 1.14)
High	2,886	0.95 (0.80, 1.14)	1.09 (0.93, 1.28)	2,135	0.89 (0.60, 1.33)
Job Support
High	2,706			2015
Intermediate	3,222	0.95 (0.82, 1.10)	0.85* (0.74, 0.97)	2,529	1.02 (0.72, 1.45)
Low	2,162	0.92 (0.78, 1.09)	1.10 (0.95, 1.27)	1,590	1.09 (0.74, 1.61)

Note. *p < 0.05 **p < 0.01 ***p < 0.001.

Note. All models were adjusted for age and sex.

Note. High SEP category was taken as the reference group.

Note. Reference group for the cross-sectional analysis is the normal glucose level category.