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. 2023 Apr 3;78(10):983–989. doi: 10.1136/thorax-2022-219382

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Estimating individual treatment effect (ITE) for exacerbation rate (lower is better). There is a small overall treatment effect on group level, that is, the mean exacerbation rate in the treatment group was significantly lower compared with the control group. The aim of the ITE model is to rank subjects from strongest to lowest predicted ITE, thereby identifying those with benefit, non-response or harm from the treatment.