Table 1.
Not addicted N = 596 N (%) |
Addicted N = 165 N (%) |
OR (95%CI) | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex, female | 411 (69.0) | 110 (66.7) | 0.90 (0.62–1.30) | 0.575 |
Age ≤ 21 years | 284 (47.7) | 74 (44.8) | 0.89 (0.63–1.26) | 0.523 |
Year of study ≤3 | 300 (50.3) | 81 (49.1) | 0.95 (0.67–1.34) | 0.777 |
GPA ≥ 8.8 | 246 (51.2) | 63 (45.7) | 0.80 (0.55–1.17) | 0.247 |
Residence during studies – With parents | 244 (40.9) | 77 (46.7) | 1.26 (0.89–1.78) | 0.188 |
Socio-economic status – Good | 356 (59.7) | 97 (58.8) | 0.96 (0.67–1.37) | 0.827 |
Parents’ marital status – Married | 485 (82.3) | 139 (86.3) | 1.36 (0.82–2.23) | 0.231 |
Smoking | 119 (20.0) | 32 (19.4) | 0.96 (0.62–1.49) | 0.870 |
Alcohol consumption | 391 (65.6) | 120 (72.7) | 1.40 (0.95–2.05) | 0.086 |
Energy drink consumption | 227 (38.2) | 69 (41.8) | 1.16 (0.82–1.66) | 0.393 |
BMI categories† | ||||
Underweight | 55 (9.3) | 17 (10.4) | 1 (Ref.) | |
Normal weight | 445 (74.9) | 122 (74.4) | 0.89 (0.49–1.58) | 0.685 |
Overweight | 84 (14.1) | 23 (14.0) | 0.89 (0.43–1.81) | 0.739 |
Obesity | 10 (1.7) | 2 (1.2) | 0.65 (0.13–3.25) | 0.597 |
Physical activity | ||||
Low | 120 (20.1) | 31 (18.8) | 1 (Ref.) | |
Moderate | 291 (48.8) | 78 (47.3) | 1.04 (0.65–1.66) | 0.650 |
High | 185 (31.0) | 56 (33.9) | 1.17 (0.71–1.92) | 0.714 |
X̄, Mean; SD, Standard Deviation; OR, Odds Ratio; 95%CI, 95% Confidence Interval; GPA, Grade Point Average—average grade for students in their 2nd to 6th year of study; p-value for ULRA; BMI, Body Mass Index; †The body height or weight data of 3 students was not provided, rendering the calculation of their BMI unfeasible.