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. 2021 Dec 1;2:764675. doi: 10.3389/ffunb.2021.764675

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Copyright © 2021 Ramírez-Valdespino and Orrantia-Borunda.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Mechanisms of tolerance to metals and nanoparticles (NPs) in Trichoderma. Most of the mechanisms of tolerance to metals are based on processes of adsorption and absorption in the cell walls due to the presence of functional groups, proteins, or compounds that serve as chelating agents, as well as the accumulation of these in the vacuoles. Mechanisms involving the activity of antioxidant enzymes that reduce the damage caused by reactive oxygen species might also be present. This figure was created by BioRender.com.