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. 2023 Sep 21;15:76. doi: 10.1186/s13073-023-01226-y

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 6 — TIMP1 Δ4-5 and TIMP-FL have antithetical functions in CRC carcinogenesis. A Exogenous overexpression of TIMP1 Δ4-5 and TIMP-FL in TIMP1-KD HCT-8 and SW480 cells. B, C Colony formation (B) and MTT (C) assay of exogenous overexpression of TIMP1 Δ4-5 and TIMP-FL in TIMP1-KO HCT-8 and SW480 cells. P values were calculated by two-sided Student’s t test, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01. D Tumor cell migration and invasion assay of exogenous overexpression of TIMP1 Δ4-5 and TIMP-FL in TIMP1-KO HCT-8 and SW480 cells. P values were calculated by two-sided Student’s t test, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. The migrated or invaded cells were quantified by counting in five fields. Scale bar, 100 μm. E Xenograft mouse model established using SW480 cells was stably infected with lentivirus-based TIMP1 Δ4-5 or empty vector in BALB/c nude mice (n = 6 mice per group). In vivo generated tumors are depicted. F, G Analysis of tumor growth (F) and weight (G) in the xenograft mouse model. Data are presented as mean ± SEM of n = 6 mice per group. Two-way ANOVA and one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test. H Representative H&E and IHC images of randomly selected tumors were shown. Scale bar, 100 µm