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. 2023 Sep 19;17(1):1–21. doi: 10.1080/19336918.2023.2258539

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Altered cell signaling pathways in HCC.

Growth factors and their receptors predict the progression of HCC. Chronic insults from viral agents, metabolic syndrome, alcohol, and toxins cause uncontrolled cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, and genetic instability.