Table 3.
Risk Factors for Positive Urine Cultures from Multinomial Modela
| Unadjusted Model | Adjusted Model | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mOR | 95% CI | P-value | maOR | 95% CI | P-value | |
| Age (years), continuous | 1.01 | 0.99-1.02 | 0.08 | 1.01 | (0.99-1.02) | 0.61 |
| Gender and Pregnancy | ||||||
| Male | reference | reference | ||||
| Female Non-Pregnant | 16.89 | 10.07-28.08 | <0.001 | 20.26 | (11.17-33.08) | <0.001 |
| Female Pregnant | 4.00 | (2.22-7.20) | <0.001 | 5.57 | (2.69-11.52) | <0.001 |
| Race and Ethnicity | ||||||
| White | reference | reference | ||||
| Hispanic | 0.49 | (0.21-1.15) | 0.10 | 0.50 | (0.17-1.42) | 0.19 |
| African American | 0.39 | (0.16-0.99) | 0.05 | 0.41 | (0.13-1.26) | 0.12 |
| Other | 0.25 | (0.08-0.84) | 0.03 | 0.31 | (0.07-1.32) | 0.11 |
| Country of Birth | ||||||
| US | reference | -- | -- | -- | ||
| Outside US | 0.86 | (0.60-1.23) | 0.41 | -- | -- | -- |
| Clinic | ||||||
| Clinic A | reference | reference | ||||
| Clinic B | 0.94 | (0.64-1.39) | 0.77 | 0.93 | (0.55-1.58) | 0.79 |
| UTI Symptoms | ||||||
| Asymptomatic | reference | reference | ||||
| Symptomatic | 2.53 | (1.44-4.43) | 0.001 | 2.94 | (1.51-5.72) | 0.002 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Hypertension | 1.42 | (0.99-2.04) | 0.10 | 1.48 | (0.88-2.49) | 0.14 |
| Diabetes | 1.83 | (1.24-2.71) | 0.002 | 1.43 | (0.88-2.34) | 0.15 |
| Obesity | 2.40 | (1.66-3.49) | <0.001 | 2.15 | (1.41-3.26) | <0.001 |
| Anemia | 1.40 | (0.69-2.85) | 0.35 | -- | -- | -- |
mOR- multinomial odds ratio, CI-confidence interval, maOR- multinomial adjusted odds ratio, UTI-urinary tract infection