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Schematic diagram of the artery invasion patterns in PDAC. A, Coronal view of the mesenteric root encased by tumor cells. B, Tumor infiltrates the arterial adventitia. C, Tumor invades the arterial media but does not break through membrane elastica interna. D, Tumor invades the whole arterial wall. CHA indicates common hepatic artery; PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; SMA, superior mesenteric artery; SMV, superior mesenteric vein.
