Table 3. Summary on studies on supported employment interventions in LMICs.

	Author(s) (Year) & Country	Model(s) of supported employment intervention(s) studied.	Study design/ Methods	Study population & Sample size (n)	Study aim	Main findings
1.	Cubillos et al, (2020) [57] Colombia, Costa Rica, Peru	Individual Placement and support (IPS)	Critical Review	Severe mental illness	To reform the mental health care system and advance the employment of people with disabilities in Colombia, Costa Rica, and Peru	Implementation of IPS in Latin America may be hindered by lack of incentives for employers to hire people with severe mental disorders, lack of reimbursement of essential health services by public fund through increased coordination between health and labour ministries for sustainability, and adequate income from employment attained through IPS programmes.
2.	Engelbrecht et al, (2017) [53] South Africa	Supported employment	Longitudinal descriptive study	Intellectual Disability, Schizophrenia, Bipolar I & Schizoaffective n = 29	To calculate the cost of a Supported Employment service offered to people with mental disabilities	Cost utilisation for psychiatric disability (PD) cohort averaged USD 74.99 on government sessional salary (GSS) rates and USD 141.66on medical aide reimbursement (MAR) rates. Cost of SUPPORTED EMPLOYMENT for intellectual disabilities (ID) cohort averaged USD 137.34 at the GSS rate, and USD 266.69 at the MAR rate per month. Rapid downward progression from average USD 421.85 (GSS rate)/USD 819.14 (MAR) in the first month to USD 11.72 (GSS rate)/USD 22.75 (MAR) in the twelfth month for the PD cohort. Similar trend seen in ID cohort although less pronounced.
3.	Haridas et al, (2021) [56] India	Supported employment	Descriptive Retrospective study	Schizophrenia, Bipolar, OCD and depressive disorders n = 67	To identify and describe the profile of persons with mental disabilities who had sought the supported employment services	Participants had an increased average duration of employment (37.04 ± 17.29 days) and a 3:1 success-failure ratio for job placement.
4.	Jagannathan et al, (2020) [45] India	Supported employment	Feasibility study	Schizophrenia & Bipolar affective disorder n = 63	To test the feasibility of a Supported Employment Programme for persons with mental disabilities	50.8% of participants were successfully placed. The median job tenure was 60 days. Participants were less likely to sustain the job if they faced adverse events (26 days) than if they did not (75 days). Significant changes in disability and socio-occupational functioning in a 6-month period. Disability score significantly reduced (baseline median (IQR)): 5.50 (4.00), 6 months median (IQR): 4.00 (3.00); z = –2.35; p = .02) and socio-occupational functioning significantly improved (baseline median (IQR): 17.00 (4.00), 6 months median (IQR): 20.00 (8.00); z = –3.27; p = .01) Reported reduced disability and improved socio-occupational functioning
5.	Lu et al, (2015) [55] China	Integrated supported employment (ISE)	Case study	37-year-old female with paranoid schizophrenia n = 1	To illustrate the successful implementation of the Integrated Supported Employment (ISE) program in helping people with severe mental illness (SMI) secure continuous employment	Client stayed in employment for 17 months and beyond completion of the intervention Reported improve self-efficacy and improved personal well being
6.	Van Niekerk et al, (2015) [38] South Africa	Supported employment	Longitudinal descriptive study	Intellectual Disability, Schizophrenia, Bipolar I & Schizoaffective n = 29	To determine the feasibility of an SE service for use in South Africa, specifically as it relates to costs	An average monthly time utilization over 12-months of 9.19 hours with a rapid decrease from 37.22 hours initially to 2.29 hours at the end. Total time utilization higher of Intellectual disabilities (130.83 hours) than for the others (71.38 hours)
7.	Yu et al, (2016) [54] China	Integrated supported employment (ISE)	Qualitative evaluation study	Schizophrenia & Caregivers n = 15	To explore and compare the views of participants and the caregivers towards the integrated supported employment (ISE) process and outcomes	ISE should help participants to gain employment, be financially independent and have a livelihood. Work-related Social Skills training (WSST) was key to success of ISE. Practical and emotional support also key to ISE success. Gaining and maintaining competitive employment through ISE resulted in improve family communication and family support. Also reported improved mood and improved self confidence
8.	Zhang et al, (2017) [26] China	Integrated supported employment (ISE) Individual Placement and Support (IPS)	Randomised control trial	Schizophrenia n = 162	The effectiveness of integrated supported employment (ISE) compared with individual placement and support (IPS) and traditional vocational rehabilitation (TVR) for people with schizophrenia	Significantly higher employment rate and longer job tenure were found in the ISE group (63.0%, 29.56 wk) compared with the IPS group (50.0%, 25.47 wk) and TVR group (33.3%, 9.91 wk). The ISE group also attained the most positive psychological outcomes. Reported improved psychosocial functioning and improved subjective Quality of Life