Fig 2. Expected values of penetrance estimates as a function of population prevalence γ and ascertainment parameter k.

Expected values of (A) $\tilde{f}$ and (B) ${\tilde{f}}^{*}$ when the true penetrance f = 0.5; expected values of (C) $\tilde{f}$ and (D) ${\tilde{f}}^{*}$ when f = 0.2 (lower line sets) or f = 0.8 (upper line sets). The number of sibs per family, s = 2. Users interested in varying the parameters can use the PenEst app.