Table 4. Univariate analyses and logistic regression of risk factors associated with increased STH in primary school children.
| Variable | Total, n (%) (n = 1275) | STH infection present | COR (95% CI) | P-value | AOR (95% CI) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes, n (%) (n = 499) | No, n (%) (n = 776) | ||||||
| Gender | |||||||
| Male | 679 (53.3) | 270 (39.8) | 409 (60.2) | 0.9 (0.8–1.2) | 0.624 | ||
| Female | 596 (46.7) | 229 (38.4) | 367 (61.6) | 1 | |||
| Mother’s education | |||||||
| Literate | 149 (11.7) | 62 (41.6) | 87 (58.4) | 1 | 0.510 | ||
| Illiterate | 1126 (88.3) | 437 (38.8) | 689 (61.2) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | |||
| Father’s education | |||||||
| Literate | 300 (23.5) | 122 (40.7) | 178 (59.3) | 1 | 0.535 | ||
| Illiterate | 975 (76.5) | 377 (38.7) | 598 (61.3) | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | |||
| Playing barefoot | 1.6 (1.1–2.2) | ||||||
| Yes (risky) | 180 (14.1) | 90 (50.0) | 90 (50.0) | 1.7 (1.2–2.3) | 0.001 | 0.006 | |
| No | 1095 (85.9) | 409 (37.4) | 686 (62.6) | 1 | |||
| House construction | |||||||
| Concrete | 313 (24.5) | 113 (36.1) | 200 (63.9) | 1 | 0.205 | ||
| Mud | 962 (75.5) | 386 (40.1) | 576 (59.9) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | |||
| Source of drinking water | |||||||
| Safe | 1010 (79.2) | 391 (38.7) | 619 (61.3) | 1 | 0.544 | ||
| Unsafe | 265 (20.8) | 108 (40.8) | 157 (59.2) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | |||
| Family daily income per person (in Afghanis) | |||||||
| ≥180 (≥2 USD) | 372 (29.2) | 125 (33.6) | 247 (66.4) | 1 | 0.009 | 1 | 0.038 |
| <180 (<2 USD) | 903 (70.8) | 374 (41.4) | 529 (58.6) | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | ||
| Family size | |||||||
| <5 people | 297 (23.3) | 119 (40.1) | 178 (59.9) | 1 | 0.708 | ||
| ≥5 people | 978 (76.7) | 380 (38.9) | 598 (61.1) | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | |||
| Washing hands after defecating/before eating | |||||||
| Yes | 419 (32.9) | 139 (33.2) | 280 (66.8) | 1 | 0.002 | 1 | 0.043 |
| No (risky) | 856 (67.1) | 360 (42.1) | 496 (57.9) | 1.5 (1.1–1.9) | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | ||
| Finger nails status | |||||||
| Untrimmed (risky) | 866 (67.9) | 365 (42.1) | 501 (57.9) | 1.5 (1.2–1.9) | 0.001 | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | 0.010 |
| Trimmed | 409 (32.1) | 134 (32.8) | 275 (67.2) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Habit of nail biting | |||||||
| Yes | 115 (9.0) | 55 (47.8) | 60 (52.2) | 1.5 (1.0–2.2) | 0.045 | 1.0 (0.6–1.6) | 0.944 |
| No | 1160 (91.0) | 444 (38.3) | 716 (61.7) | 1 | |||
| Consumption of raw vegetables | |||||||
| Yes | 776 (60.9) | 292 (37.6) | 484 (62.4) | 1 | 0.169 | ||
| No | 499 (39.1) | 207 (41.5) | 292 (58.5) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | |||
| Habit of eating soil | |||||||
| Yes | 70 (5.5) | 29 (41.4) | 41 (58.6) | 1 | 0.686 | ||
| No | 1205 (94.5) | 470 (39.0) | 735 (61.0) | 1.1 (0.7–1.8) | |||
| Domestic animals present at home | |||||||
| Yes | 315 (24.7) | 130 (41.3) | 185 (58.7) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 0.371 | ||
| No | 960 (75.3) | 369 (38.4) | 591 (61.6) | 1 | |||
| Toilet in school | |||||||
| Absent or not functional | 565 (44.3) | 228 (40.4) | 337 (59.6) | 1.1 (0.9–1.1) | 0.427 | ||
| Present and functional | 710 (55.7) | 271 (38.2) | 439 (61.8) | ||||
AOR, Adjusted Odds Ratio; CI, Confidence Interval; COR, Crude Odds Ratio; n, number; STH, Soil-transmitted helminth; USD, United States Dollar.