Figure 4.

(A) Activation of T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated signaling induction of costimulatory and cytokine receptor-mediated signaling takes place. Activation of these signaling pathways results in the downstream activation of mTOR and C-Myc and the reprogramming of activated T-cell metabolism. (B) Metabolite produced inside the cell regulates the signaling pathway of activated T cells. Afterward, the activation-activated T cells increase the uptake of glucose and amino acids, which results in a significant increase in the metabolite concern with these biomolecules. This increased level of metabolites influences the signaling pathways (TCR mediated, costimulatory, cytokine mediated) of activated T cells, which further alter the metabolism of activated T cells.