FIGURE 3.

Biomedical applications of artificial exosomes for drug delivery in glioblastoma multiforme: (A) Schematic illustration of the synergistic drug-loaded transferrin-targeted nanovesicle system. The nanovesicles can bypass the blood-brain barrier and reach the brain through neurological pathways. Reproduced with permission from Sandbhor et al. (2021). (B) A total of 10 μg of IRDye 800-labeled EL-4 T cell-derived exosomes were administered intranasally into C57BL/6j mice, and the distribution pattern of exosomes in the brain was observed. The fluorescence of the brain was stronger after intranasal administration for 3 h. Reproduced with permission from Zhuang et al. (2011). (C) The results of HE-stained brain tumor tissue suggest that tumors adjacent to the olfactory region aggressively invaded the adjacent tissue of mice treated with BSA, Exo, and JSI124. In contrast, intranasally administration of Exo-JSI124 was much less invasive. Reproduced with permission from Zhuang et al. (2011). (D) The results of TUNEL staining were similar to those of HE staining. Reproduced with permission from Zhuang et al. (2011).