Table 3.
Demographic and baseline clinical characteristics for patients followed by nephrology (group 2), stratified by management group (observation alone, RAAS blockade alone, corticosteroids with or without RAAS blockade, immunosuppressive medications with or without corticosteroids and/or RAAS blockade). Categorical variables are expressed as frequency (percentage), and continuous variables are expressed as median [IQR]. Of note, lab data were missing for one site but were available for 572 patients in the observation alone group, 57 in the RAAS blockade alone group, 292 in the steroids group, and 80 in the immunosuppression group
| Observation (n = 647) |
RAAS Blockade alone (n = 69) |
Steroids (n = 333) |
Other Immunosuppression (n = 90) |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 329 (50.9) | 34 (49.3) | 194 (58.3) | 46 (51.1) | 0.14 |
| Age (years) | 7.9 [5.7, 11.5] | 11.1 [8.0, 15.4] | 7.7 [5.6, 10.8] | 9.4 [7.0, 13.4] | < 0.001 |
| Year of first diagnosis | 0.001 | ||||
| < 2011 | 140 (21.6) | 26 (37.7) | 49 (14.7) | 16 (17.8) | |
| 2011–2013 | 157 (24.3) | 14 (20.3) | 81 (24.3) | 20 (22.2) | |
| 2014–2016 | 144 (22.3) | 15 (21.7) | 103 (30.9) | 21 (23.3) | |
| ≥ 2017 | 206 (31.8) | 14 (20.3) | 100 (30.0) | 33 (36.7) | |
| Baseline eGFR | 113.2 [98.4, 130.6] | 103.5 [84.3, 118.4] | 121.84 [102.7, 139.5] |
104.2 [89.7, 125.3] |
< 0.001 |
| Baseline eGFR category | < 0.001 | ||||
| ≥ 90 |
254 (85.2) |
22 (62.9) |
213 (85.9) |
49 (72.1) |
|
| ≥ 60 and < 90 |
31 (10.4) |
12 (34.3) |
30 (12.1) |
12 (17.6) |
|
| ≥ 30 and < 60 |
9 (3.0) |
0 (0.0) |
3 (1.2) |
6 (8.8) |
|
| < 30 |
4 (1.3) |
1 (2.9) |
2 (0.8) |
1 (1.5) |
|
| Baseline serum albumin |
4.1 [3.7, 4.4] |
4.0 [3.7, 4.4] | 3.8 [3.3, 4.3] |
3.5 [3.0, 4.0] |
< 0.001 |
| Hypoalbuminemia at baseline |
3 (1.2) |
1 (3.3) |
9 (4.0) |
10 (15.9) |
< 0.001 |
| Baseline UPCR | 0.39 [0.15, 1.17] | 0.84 [0.31, 1.67] | 1.02 [0.28, 3.34] |
4.05 [1.38, 8.35] |
< 0.001 |
| Baseline UPCR category | < 0.001 | ||||
| < 0.5 |
106 (55.5) |
12 (37.5) |
54 (35.1) |
6 (9.2) |
|
| 0.5–2 |
57 (29.8) |
14 (43.8) |
47 (30.5) |
14 (21.5) |
|
| > 2 |
28 (14.7) |
6 (18.8) |
53 (34.4) |
45 (69.2) |
|
| Baseline urine blood available |
474 (82.9) |
43 (75.4) |
271 (92.8) |
71 (88.8) |
|
| Hematuria at baseline |
268 (56.5) |
33 (76.7) |
202 (74.5) |
68 (95.8) |
< 0.001 |
| Baseline urine protein available |
472 (82.5) |
42 (73.7) |
272 (93.2) |
70 (87.5) |
|
| Proteinuria at baseline (≥ 2 +) |
147 (31.1) |
32 (76.2) |
145 (53.3) |
62 (88.6) |
< 0.001 |
| Baseline urine protein and baseline urine blood available |
467 (81.6) |
42 (73.7) |
271 (92.8) |
70 (87.5) |
|
| Proteinuria (≥ 2 +) and hematuria during baseline |
128 (27.4) |
27 (64.3) |
135 (49.8) |
62 (88.6) |
< 0.001 |
| Baseline hypertension (diagnosis) | 63 (9.7) | 18 (26.1) | 82 (24.6) | 40 (44.4) | < 0.001 |
| Baseline systolic hypertension | 94 (14.5) | 18 (26.1) | 104 (31.2) | 27 (30.0) | < 0.001 |
| Baseline diastolic hypertension | 60 (9.3) | 6 (8.7) | 79 (23.7) | 19 (21.1) | < 0.001 |
RAAS, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; UPCR, urine protein to creatinine ratio