Table 1.

Pairwise comparison of the estimates from the mixed linear models testing the differences in δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N and δ³⁴S between species considering all levels together (all levels model: isotope value ~ species).

Isotope	Contrast	Estimate	SE	df	t-ratio	p-value
δ13C	Bison—Equus	0.25	0.108	125	2.32	0.06
	Bison—Rangifer	− 0.83	0.093	125	− 8.92	< 0.001
	Equus—Rangifer	− 1.08	0.091	125	− 11.80	< 0.001
δ15N	Bison—Equus	0.61	0.319	124	1.91	0.14
	Bison—Rangifer	− 0.97	0.275	124	− 3.51	0.002
	Equus—Rangifer	− 1.58	0.272	124	− 5.79	< 0.001
δ34S	Bison—Equus	0.81	0.640	117	1.27	0.42
	Bison—Rangifer	2.29	0.558	117	4.11	< 0.001
	Equus—Rangifer	1.48	0.551	117	2.68	0.02

Significant differences are indicated in bold.