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. 2023 Sep 21;13:15749. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-42912-6

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of EV-iPSCs on gene and protein expression of ECM components. The gene expression of fibronectin (A), vimentin (B), α-SMA (C), collagen I (D) and collagen IV (E) was evaluated by RT-PCR. The protein expression of vimentin (F) and α-SMA (G) was evaluated by western blotting. HPRT and β-actin were used as the reference gene and protein, respectively. The immunofluorescence of fibronectin was evaluated and quantified by microscopy (H). The fibronectin marker is observed in red, and the nucleus was stained with DAPI (blue). 40× magnification. Images are representative of independent experiments. The results are expressed as the mean ± SEM. p < 0.05: * versus group control; # versus group TGF-β.