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. 2023 Sep 21;13:15749. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-42912-6

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of EV-iPSCs on gene and protein of NF-κB-mediated inflammatory and SMAD pathway. The gene expression of p50 (A), p65 (B), IKKα (C), SMAD-3 (G) and SMAD-7 (H) was evaluated by RT-PCR. The protein expression of p50 (D), p65 (E), and IKKβ (F) was evaluated by western blot. HPRT and β-actin were used as the reference gene and protein, respectively. The results are expressed as the mean ± SEM. p < 0.05: * versus group control; # versus group TGF-β.