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. 2023 Sep 21;13:15731. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-42485-4

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of NSC–exos on proinfmatory cytokines and mRNA exoression of the genes of kinases and transcriptional factors leading to neuroinflamtion in glial cells. Actvated Glial cells were treated with NSC- -exos in and the proinflamatory cytokines were quantified and expression level of the AMPK/ERK and NF- kB were analysed. (A) Quantifification of iNOx, IL-1B,TNF-alpha and IL-6 in glial cells of control and treated groups. (B) mRNA expression level of NF-kB in verious groups cells (treated and controls) quantified by qRT-PCR. (C) mRNA expression level of NF-kB in verious groups cells (treated and controls) quantified by qRT-PCR. Data is pressented as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) from thre independent experiments (n = 3). * = p < 0.01 and ** = p < 0.001.