Table 2.
Energy and nutrient intake in the study sample.
| Nutrients/day | Reference intake values/day a | % of sample below | Energy and nutrient daily intakes | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls | |||
| P50 (P10,P90) | ||||||
| Energy, kcal | NA | 2271.09 (1402.20,3425.84) | 2364.81 (1460.25,3650.83) | 0.479 | ||
| Protein, g | 71 g b | 38.53 | 45.24 | 78.08 (47.54,128.44) | 74.41 (47.67,114.79) | 0.332 |
| Carbohydrates, g | 175 | 11.93 | 6.35 | 306.59 (166.58,499.26) | 305.31 (190.38,489.72) | 0.961 |
| Fiber, g | 28 | 31.19 | 33.33 | 34.48 (17.74,51.33) | 34.32 (19.05,56.02) | 0.539 |
| Saturated fats, g | NA | 24.85 (14.35,36.75) | 22.66 (14.95,34.56) | 0.050 | ||
| Monosaturated fats, g | NA | 32.72 (20.12,53.14) | 31.91 (21.18,46.45) | 0.652 | ||
| Polyunsaturated fats, g | NA | 26.33 (15.07,46.80) | 25.29 (17.10,45.87) | 0.897 | ||
| Cholesterol, mg | NA | 277.79 (134.97,497.26) | 264.38 (127.72,444.88) | 0.159 | ||
| Retinol, mcg | NA | 292.56 (155.53,807.02) | 246.78 (133.98,880.49) | 0.093 | ||
| Alpha carotene, mcg | NA | 1300.83 (137.63,2367.48) | 1306.67 (278.26,2399.87) | 0.260 | ||
| Beta carotene, mcg | NA | 3900.32 (1301.29,7308.64) | 3965.01 (1593.87,7645.98) | 0.249 | ||
| Thiamin, B1, mg | 1.4 | 29.36 | 25.40 | 1.68 (0.97,3.28) | 1.73 (1.05,2.86) | 0.499 |
| Riboflavin, B2, mg | 1.4 | 16.51 | 19.84 | 2.01 (1.21,3.80) | 1.90 (1.08,3.17) | 0.207 |
| Niacin, B3, mg | 18 | 46.79 | 45.63 | 18.85 (10.83,32.55) | 18.71 (11.26,30.47) | 0.586 |
| Pyridoxine, B6, mg | 1.9 | 39.45 | 39.68 | 2.09 (1.13,3.45) | 2.13 (1.21,3.64) | 0.499 |
| Folate, mcg | 600 | 78.90 | 73.02 | 411.26 (253.45,761.83) | 445.81 (267.07,770.73) | 0.153 |
| Vitamin B12, mcg | 2.6 | 10.09 | 17.86 | 4.67 (2.46,9.26) | 4.55 (2.13,11.18) | 0.824 |
| Vitamin C, mg | 85 | 14.68 | 13.10 | 136.96 (72.92,303.12) | 164.70 (73.91,346.25) | 0.110 |
| Alpha tocopherol, mg | NA | 12.14 (8.01,21.08) | 13.02 (8.97,19.45) | 0.090 | ||
| Vitamin K, mcg | 90 | 40.37 | 39.51 | 105.46 (48.87,239.62) | 110.48 (50.28,289.56) | 0.275 |
| Choline, mg | 450 | 82.57 | 84.13 | 334.93 (199.15,488.57) | 324.35 (187.07,486.27) | 0.372 |
| Calcium, mg | 1000 | 64.22 | 72.62 | 865.59 (476.66,1588.50) | 823.54 (438.22,1346.87) | 0.076 |
| Phosphorus, mg | 700 | 1.83 | 3.97 | 1725.75 (991.11,2637.98) | 1528.02 (936.46,2537.78) | 0.085 |
| Magnesium, mg | 350-360 * | 43.12 | 48.02 | 386.05 (218.54,616.16) | 367.31 (218.63,588.96) | 0.646 |
| Iron, mg | 27 | 90.83 | 93.25 | 13.97 (8.17,26.55) | 15.01 (8.84,25.10) | 0.193 |
| Zinc, mg | 11 | 38.53 | 46.03 | 12.17 (6.93,18.48) | 11.31 (6.74,20.13) | 0.432 |
| Copper, mg | 1 | 12.84 | 15.48 | 1.52 (0.89,2.83) | 1.56 (0.91,2.91) | 0.737 |
| Sodium, mg | 1500 | 5.50 | 3.97 | 2866.48 (1676.82,4731.28) | 2861.20 (1770.68,4579.40) | 0.714 |
| Potassium, mg | 4700 | 85.32 | 85.32 | 3259.95(1951.05,5162.42) | 3289.71 (1983.73,5104.27) | 0.857 |
| Caffeine, mg | NA | 38.05 (2.99,166.39) | 52.30 (9.23,86.17) | 0.264 | ||
| Theobromine, mg | NA | 8.75 (1.34,20.42) | 8.75 (1.34,20.42) | 0.302 | ||
| Methionine, g | NA | 1.59 (0.95,2.51) | 1.50 (0.92,2.32) | 0.113 | ||
| Betaine, mg | NA | 29.81 (12.85,60.44) | 32.39 (13.77,55.69) | 0.147 | ||
a Dietary Reference Intakes from the IOM, 2005; b based on g protein per kg of body weight for the reference body weight, *360 was selected as the comparison value. NA, not available.