Table 2.
Descriptive analysis of baseline pre-treatment (T0) and post-treatment (T2) measurements, change from T0 to T2 and results of the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).
| Baseline (T0) |
Post-treatment (T2) |
Change |
ANCOVA |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Inter-vention | Control | Inter-vention | Control | Inter-vention | Coefficient (β) | 95% CI | p-value | |
| Primary outcome score | |||||||||
| N | 91 | 89 | 88 | 81 | 88 | 81 | 180 | ||
| AICA-S | 12.6 (5.1) | 12.1 (4.6) | 11.0 (5.4) | 6.8 (5.2) | −1.5 (4.0) | −5.6 (5.1) | −3.9 | [−5.2, −2.6] | <0.0001 |
| Secondary outcome scores | |||||||||
| N | 91 | 89 | 88 | 81 | 88 | 81 | 169 | ||
| Weekly internet usage (hrs./week) | 43.7 (22.1) | 43.0 (20.8) | 38.7 (20.7) | 28.1 (15.8) | −4.2 (13.7) | −14.7 (21.0) | −11.0 | [−15.0, −6.1] | <0.0001 |
| PHQ-9 | 10.0 (5.6) | 9.8 (4.6) | 9.8 (5.3) | 7.5 (4.9) | −0.2 (4.1) | −2.4 (4.7) | −2.3 | [−3.5, −1.1] | 0.0002 |
| GAD-7 | 7.1 (4.8) | 7.3 (4.8) | 7.1 (5.1) | 5.7 (4.4) | 0.1 (3.4) | −1.7 (3.9) | −1.7 | [−2.7, −0.6] | 0.0021 |
| CIUS | 35.3 (8.4) | 35.1 (8.5) | 33.5 (9.7) | 26.9 (9.8) | −1.7 (5.0) | −8.5 (10.2) | −6.7 | [−9.0, −4.4] | <0.0001 |
| L-1 | 4.9 (2.2) | 4.9 (2.2) | 5.3 (2.1) | 6.3 (2.1) | 0.3 (1.8) | 1.4 (1.9) | 1.0 | [0.5, 1.5] | <0.0001 |
| GSE | 25.9 (5.0) | 26.1 (5.5) | 26.7 (5.2) | 28.1 (5.6) | 0.8 (3.9) | 2.1 (3.4) | 1.3 | [0.2, 2.3] | 0.0224 |
| iSOCRATES | |||||||||
| Ambiguity | 15.1 (3.4) | 14.7 (4.0) | 15.0 (3.47) | 13.3 (3.8) | −0.2 (2.8) | −1.3 (3.2) | −1.3 | [−2.2, −0.5] | 0.0021 |
| Recognition | 29.6 (4.6) | 29.0 (5.4) | 28.5 (4.8) | 25.9 (6.4) | −1.2 (3.5) | −3.2 (5.2) | −2.3 | [−3.6, −1.0] | 0.0007 |
| Taking next Steps | 25.2 (7.3) | 25.1 (6.6) | 25.6 (7.3) | 31.3 (6.9) | 0.2 (5.5) | 6.2 (7.5) | 6.1 | [4.3, 7.9] | <0.0001 |
Data are mean (SD) at baseline pre-treatment (T0), follow-up post-treatment (T2) periods, and change from T0 to T2. In the analysis of covariance, the OMPRIS intervention group acts as the reference group. ANCOVA results of the intention-to-treat analysis with LOCF and multiple imputation; CI, Confidence Interval; AICA-S, Scale for the Assessment of Internet and Computer game Addiction; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9; GAD-7, Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7; CIUS, Compulsive Internet Use Scale; L-1, General Life Satisfaction Short Scale; GSE, General self-efficacy scale; iSOCRATES, Stage of Readiness and Treatment Eagerness for Internet use disorder.