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. 2023 Sep 8;14:1156842. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1156842

Figure 8.

Figure 8

NKG2D and γδ T cells are required for chronic LPS-induced hypoalveolarization. (A) Immature C57BL/6J mice were inoculated with LPS or PBS intranasally on DOL 3, 5, 7, and 10. One hour prior to each PBS/LPS treatment, mice were injected with IgG or anti-NKG2D antibody (Clone HMG2D) intraperitoneally. Lung histology was analyzed on DOL14. The representative images of H&E-stained lung sections are shown. In the IgG-treated lungs, LPS induced peribronchial or perivascular immune cell infiltration and increased alveolar size (A) with increased chord length (B), indicative of alveolar growth deficiency. Scale bar (black) indicates100μm. Anti-NKG2D antibody treatment blocked LPS-induced immune cell infiltration and enlarged alveolar size in the lungs, consistent with protective effects on lung inflammation and alveolarization. (C) To further define the requirement of NKG2D and γδ T cells for LPS-induced hypoalveolarization, we inoculated immature wild type, Nkg2d -/- or Tcrd-/- mice with LPS (L) or PBS (P) intranasally on DOL 3, 5, 7, and 10. Lung histology was analyzed on DOL14. Unlike wild type mice, Nkg2d -/- and Tcrd-/- mice did not develop immune cell infiltration or increased alveolar size after LPS. (D) The chord length measurement showed that LPS-induced hypoalveolarization (increased chord length) was blocked in Nkg2d -/- or Tcrd-/- mice. **P<0.01, ****P<0.0001, ns, non-significant (one-way ANOVA). Each open or black circle indicates one baby mouse. N=4-8 per group. Scale bar (black) indicates100μm.