Figure 2.

Inhibition of p110γ reduces tobacco-mimicking carcinogenesis and reduces granulocyte infiltration. (A) 4NQO carcinogenesis and treatment regimen: mice received 50 µg/mL 4NQO in the drinking water for 18 weeks and returned to regular drinking water thereafter. Mice received IPI549 or vehicle treatment for the final 4 weeks. (B) Representative gross images of tongues from mice treated with vehicle or IPI549 (left). Quantification of gross, exophytic lesions per tongue (right; **p<0.01 determined by unpaired Student’s t-test). (C) The carcinogenesis and treatment protocol described in A was carried out three times and pathology scored by two treatment-blinded pathologists. Mild, moderate, or severe dysplasia was assigned a score of 1, 2 or 3, respectively. The average dysplasia score of three to six animals per group is presented across all three experiments (*p<0.05 determined by paired Student’s t-test). (D) The rate of SCC malignancy at week 22 across all three experiments (analyzed by χ² analysis). (E) Representative Ly6G immunostaining and quantification across all three experiments. *p<0.05 determined by unpaired Student’s t-test. SCC, squamous cell carcinoma; wk, week; 4NQO, 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide.