Table 2.
Associations between depressive symptoms and socio-demographic characteristics and clinical outcomes (N=171)
| Characteristic | Depressive symptoms | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis† | |
| Yes (HADS-D score: ≥8) (n=29) |
No (n=142) | OR (p value) | OR (p value) | |
| Age (years) | ||||
| ≤39 | 2 (6.9) | 19 (13.4) | 0.19 (0.050*)‡ | 0.29 (0.258) |
| 40–59 | 16 (55.2) | 103 (72.5) | 0.28 (0.005*) | 0.25 (0.042*) |
| ≥60§ | 11 (37.9) | 20 (14.1) | ||
| Education level | ||||
| Illiterate | 10 (34.5) | 28 (19.7) | 1.36 (0.537) | 0.40 (0.256) |
| School/diploma | 8 (27.6) | 72 (50.7) | 0.93 (0.084) | 0.19 (0.017*) |
| College/university§ | 11 (37.9) | 42 (29.6) | ||
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | 1 (3.4) | 14 (9.9) | 0.33 (0.403)‡ | 0.67 (0.792) |
| Married | 23 (79.3) | 105 (73.9) | 1.01 (0.989) | 1.54 (0.530) |
| Widowed/divorced§ | 5 (17.3) | 23 (16.2) | ||
| Employment status | ||||
| Employed | 5 (17.2) | 27 (19.0) | 0.89 (0.824) | 0.65 (0.586) |
| Unemployed/retired§ | 24 (82.8) | 115 (81.0) | ||
| Have children | ||||
| No | 3 (10.3) | 22 (15.5) | 0.63 (0.577)‡ | 0.77 (0.796) |
| Yes§ | 26 (89.7) | 120 (84.5) | ||
| Financial support | ||||
| Yes | 28 (96.6) | 132 (93.0) | 2.12 (0.693)‡ | 1.13 (0.920) |
| No§ | 1 (3.4) | 10 (7.0) | ||
| Stage at diagnosis¶ | ||||
| I | 5 (22.7) | 29 (22.1) | 0.84 (0.782) | |
| II | 5 (22.7) | 34 (26.0) | 0.71 (0.597) | |
| III | 5 (22.7) | 34 (26.0) | 0.71 (0.597) | |
| IV§ | 7 (31.8) | 34 (26.0) | ||
| Metastatic cancer** | ||||
| Yes | 8 (34.8) | 36 (27.9) | 1.38 (0.503) | |
| No§ | 15 (65.2) | 93 (72.1) | ||
| Anxiety symptoms | ||||
| Yes (HADS-A≥8) | 19 (65.5) | 18 (12.7) | 13.09 (<0.001*) | 14.87 (<0.001*) |
| No§ | 10 (34.5) | 124 (87.3) | ||
*Significant at p<0.05.
†Logistic (enter) regression, Hosmer and Lemeshow test: χ2=7.527, p=0.376; sensitivity: 72.4%, specificity: 83.1%, overall: 81.3%; Nagelkerke R2=0.390.
‡Fisher’s exact test.
§Reference point.
¶18 missing.
**19 missing.
††Χ2 test.
HADS-A, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, anxiety subscale; HADS-D, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, depression subscale.