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. 2023 Sep 5;15(5):504–517. doi: 10.3390/idr15050050

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Map of Africa showing the number of viral encephalitides cases in West African countries (Benin, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, The Gambia, and Togo) between 2014–2022. Six arboviruses causing encephalitis, such as West Nile virus (WNV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), Zika virus (ZIKV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), yellow fever virus (YFV), and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), and twelve non-arboviruses, such as herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, varicella zoster virus, enteroviruses, La Crosse virus, St. Louis virus, equine viruses, Powassan virus, Epstein–Barr virus, rabies virus, cytomegalovirus, Ebola virus, and Lassa virus, were considered across seventeen West African countries. Adapted from [19].