Table 1.

NcRNAs as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers in LC.

LC subtypes	NcRNA subtypes		Samples	Techniques	Expression patterns	Biomarker types	Potential values	Reference
NSCLC	miRNA	miR-21-5p	Blood mononuclear cells	RT-qPCR	Up	Diagnosis	100% sensitivity and 55.3% specificity.	(173)
		miR-30	Serum	RT-qPCR	Down	Diagnosis Prognosis	AUC = 0.802, 76.0% sensitivity and 75.9% specificity. The OS of miR-30 low expression patients was shorter than high expression patients (p < 0.05).	(174)
		miR-7-5p	A549, H358, H520, and SPC-A1	qPCR	Down	Prognosis	Low miR-7-5p expression was closely associated with poor prognosis of NSCLC patients (p = 0.014).	(175)
		miR-155, miR-222	Serum	qPCR	Up	Diagnosis	High levels of miR-155 and miR-222 are closely correlated with worse prognosis in NSCLC patients (p = 0.014).	(176)
		miR-184	Serum exosomes	qPCR	Up	Diagnosis Prognosis	AUC = 0.927, 87.61% sensitivity and 84.02% specificity. The levels of miR-184 in serum exosomes is significantly correlated with prognosis in NSCLC (p < 0.05).	(13)
		miR-223	Serum	ddPCR	Up	Diagnosis	AUC = 0.753.	(177)
		miR-339-3p	Serum	RT-qPCR	Up	Diagnosis	AUC = 0.616.	(178)
		miR-21, miR-23a	Plasma	qRT-PCR	Up	Prognosis	The expression of miRNA-21 and miRNA-23a was higher in plasma from NSCLC patients with distant metastasis compared with patients without metastasis (p < 0.0001).	(179)
		miR-629	Serum	RT-qPCR	Up	Prognosis	High serum miR-629 NSCLC patients suffered poorer OS and DFS than those in the low serum miR-629 patients.	(180)
		miR-92a	Tissue	PT-PCR	Up	Prognosis	MiR-92a levels were significantly correlated with prognosis in NSCLC (p = 0.036).	(181)
	lncRNA	TA73-AS1, CRNDE	Plasma	qRT-PCR	Up	Diagnosis	AUC for TA73‐AS1 was 0.822; AUG for CRNDE was 0.815; High expression of the two plasma lncRNAs are associated with worse TFS in NSCLC patients.	(172)
		SLC9A3-AS1	Serum	RT-qPCR	Up	Diagnosis Prognosis	AUC = 0.74. High SLC9A3-AS1 levels were correlated with shorter OS (p = 0.033) and RFS (p = 0.031).	(182)
		HOTAIR	Tissue	FISH	Up	Diagnosis	AUC = 0.801, 52.3% sensitivity and 86.9% specificity.	(183)
		RP5-977B1	Serum exosomes	qRT-PCR	Up	Diagnosis Prognosis	AUC = 0.8899. High RP5-977B1 levels were significantly correlated with poor prognosis in NSCLC (p = 0.036).	(184)
		ELFN1-AS1	Tissue	RT-qPCR	Up	Prognosis	High ELFN1-AS1 levels were significantly correlated with OS in NSCLC (p = 0.021).	(185)
	circRNA	circFOXP1	Serum	qRT-PCR	Up	Diagnosis	AUC = 0.88.	(186)
		hsa_circ_0069313	Serum exosomes	qRT-PCR	Down	Diagnosis	AUC = 0.749.	(187)
		hsa_circ_0023179	Serum	qRT-PCR	Up	Diagnosis	AUC = 0.831, 77% sensitivity and 86% specificity.	(188)
		hsa_circ_0070354	Serum	qRT-PCR	Up	Diagnosis Prognosis	AUC = 0.660, 52.63% sensitivity and 76.29% specificity. High hsa_circ_0070354 levels in NSCLC were significantly correlated with poor prognosis (p < 0.001).	(189)
		circRNA_001846	Serum	qRT-PCR	Up	Diagnosis	AUC = 0.872, 78.2% sensitivity and 81.1% specificity.	(190)
SCLC	miRNA	miR-92a-2	Plasma	qRT-PCR	Up	Diagnosis	AUC = 0.761, 56% sensitivity and 100% specificity.	(191)
		miR-375, miR-92b	Plasma	qRT-PCR	Up	Diagnosis Prognosis	AUC for miR-375 was 0.766; AUC for miR-92b was 0.791; The two miRNAs were closely correlated with reduced progression-free survival in SCLC.	(192)
		miR-92a-2*	Tissue	qRT-PCR	Up	Prognosis	Higher miR-92a-2* levels were correlated with poor survival in SCLC.	(193)
	lncRNA	KCNQ1OT1	SCLC cell lines H69AR and H69	RT-qPCR	Up	Prognosis	High KCNQ1OT1 levels were significantly correlated with poor prognosis in SCLC.	(194)
		CCAT2	Tissue	qRT-PCR	Up	Prognosis	High level of CCAT2 was associated with short OS of SCLC patients (p = 0.007).	(195)
		AK09398	Tissue	qRT-PCR	Up	Prognosis	High level of AK09398 was associated with poor OS and PFS in SCLC (p < 0.001).	(196)
	circRNA	cESRP1	SCLC cell	qRT-PCR and FISH	Down	Prognosis	cESRP1 expression was associated with OS in SCLC patients (p = 0.0017).	(197)
		FECRs	Serum exosome	qRT-PCR and FISH	Up	Prognosis	Exosomal FECR1 levels were closely correlated with shorter survival in SCLC (p = 0.038).	(198)