Table 2.
Sociodemographic and epidemiological characteristics of the studied population according to disabilities
| Socio-demographic and epidemiological characteristics |
Children with at least one disability (total children with disabilities) >N = 1727 |
Healthy children N = 19,589 |
COR (CI)a | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| >N | Row % | N | Row % | ||
| Locality (Urban/ Rural) | |||||
| Urban | 894 | 9.2 | 8813 | 90.8 |
Urban vs. Rural: 1.3 (1.2–1.4)** |
| Rural | 833 | 7.2 | 10,776 | 92.8 | |
| Social class | |||||
| Low | 576 | 8.3 | 6348 | 91.7 | low vs. middle: 1.0 (0.8–1.1) |
| Middle | 615 | 8.7 | 6478 | 91.3 | middle vs. high: 1.2 (1.1–1.4)** |
| High | 536 | 7.3 | 6763 | 92.7 | low vs. high: 1.1 (1.0–1.3)* |
| Geographical Distribution | |||||
| Cities | 358 | 11.0 | 2906 | 89.0 | cities vs. lower: 1.5 (1.3–1.7)** |
| Lower Egypt | 609 | 7.7 | 7312 | 92.3 | lower vs. frontiers: 1.1 (0.9–1.3) |
| Upper Egypt | 592 | 7.7 | 7113 | 92.3 | cities. vs upper: 1.5 (1.3–1.7)** |
| Frontier | 168 | 6.9 | 2258 | 93.1 | cities vs. frontiers: 1.7 (1.4–2.0)** |
| Sex | |||||
| Boys | 1067 | 9.6 | 10,009 | 90.4 |
boys vs. girls: 1.5 (1.4–1.7)** |
| Girls | 660 | 6.4 | 9580 | 93.6 | |
| Age category | |||||
| 1- < 3 years | 573 | 6.8 | 7805 | 93.2 | 3- < 6 vs. 1- < 3: 1.3 (1.2–1.5)** |
| 3- < 6 years | 1154 | 8.9 | 11,784 | 91.1 | |
| Mother age at giving birth | |||||
| < 18 | 84 | 9.0 | 854 | 91.0 | ≥ 35 vs. < 18: 1.0 (0.8–1.3) |
| 18 to < 35 | 1456 | 7.9 | 16,920 | 92.1 | < 18 vs. 18- < 35: 1.1 (0.9–1.4) |
| ≥ 35 | 170 | 9.0 | 1728 | 91.0 | ≥ 35 vs. 18- < 35: 1.1 (0.9–1.3) |
| Mothers Education | |||||
| Illiterate/ Read & write/ Primary/ Prep (1) | 741 | 9.1 | 7409 | 90.9 | (3) vs. (1): 0.7 (0.6–0.8)** |
| High School & technical/ above intermediate (2) | 741 | 7.9 | 8691 | 92.1 | (2) vs. (1): 0.85 (0.8–0.9)** |
| University or higher (3) | 228 | 6.3 | 3394 | 93.7 | (3) vs. (2): 0.8 (0.7–0.9)** |
| Fathers Education | |||||
| Illiterate/ Read & write/ Primary/ Prep (1) | 664 | 9.3 | 6465 | 90.7 | (3) vs. (1): 0.6 (0.5–0.7)** |
| High School & technical/ above intermediate (2) | 774 | 7.8 | 9093 | 92.2 | (2) vs. (1): 0.8 (0.7–0.9)** |
| University or higher (3) | 202 | 5.9 | 3247 | 94.1 | (3) vs. (2): 0.7 (0.6–0.9)** |
| Mothers´ work | |||||
| Unemployed (1) | 1467 | 8.0 | 16,758 | 92.0 | (1) vs. (2): 1.0 (0.9–1.1) |
| Employed (2) | 241 | 8.1 | 2735 | 91.9 | |
| Presence of mothers or fathers | |||||
| No father at home | 87 | 10.1 | 775 | 89.9 |
No father vs. father at home: 1.3 (1.0–1.6)* No mother vs. mother at home: 2.4 (1.5–4.0)** No mother versus No father at home: 1.9 (1.1–3.2)* |
| No mother at home | 19 | 17.4 | 90 | 82.6 | |
| Twin child | |||||
| Twins | 106 | 10.9 | 869 | 89.1 |
Twin vs. no twin: 1.4 (1.1–1.7)** |
| No twins | 1621 | 8.0 | 18,720 | 92.0 | |
| Disabled mother | |||||
| Mothers with disability | 27 | 16.4 | 138 | 83.6 | Disabled mother vs. no disability: 2.3 (1.5–3.4)** |
| No disability | 1683 | 8.0 | 19,367 | 92.0 | |
| Disabled father | |||||
| Father with disability | 59 | 18.5 | 260 | 81.5 |
Disabled father vs. no disability: 2.7 (2.0–3.6)** |
| No disability | 1581 | 7.9 | 18,553 | 92.1 | |
* = p-value significant at < 0.05, ** = p-value highly sig at < 0.01, CI Confidence Interval, COR Crude Odds Ratio
The first variable written in the column is considered as the reference (risky or protective variable)