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. 2023 Sep 8;11:1234340. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1234340

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Copyright © 2023 Vyas, Shah, Singh and Prajapati.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Illustrative representation of noninvasive 3D bioprinting technique using digital near-infrared photopolymerization. Non-invasive 3D bioprinting ear-like tissue by DNP process. Representative image of the normal ear (A), mirror image of image (A, B), optimized ear-outline image of (B, C), image printed ear-like construct from the bioink covered over by skin by DNP process (D). live/dead staining for ear constructs encapsulated with chondrocytes bioprinted using bioink covered by skin after cell culture for 7 days (E), non-invasive 3D bioprinting of ear-shaped construct in vivo by DNP-process (F), ear-shaped construct was printed subcutaneously in BALB/nude mice(G, H, E, H) and collagen type II immune staining of retrieved ear shape construct at 1 month (I). Reproduce with permission from (Chen et al., 2020) under CC BY-NC.