Table 4.

Sympathetic adrenomedullary axis biomarkers and child development at Year 2

Exposure	Outcome	N	25th Percentile	75th Percentile	Outcome, 75th Percentile v. 25th Percentile
					Adjusted
					Predicted Outcome at 25th Percentile	Predicted Outcome at 75th Percentile	Coefficient (95% CI)	P-value
Salivary alpha-amylase reactivity (U/ml/min)	EASQ communication score	561	−0.08	4.61	0.11	0.13	0.02 (−0.04, 0.07)	0.57
	EASQ gross motor score	555	−0.08	4.54	−0.08	−0.05	0.04 (−0.03, 0.1)	0.26
	EASQ personal social score	560	−0.08	4.61	0.32	0.37	0.06 (−0.18, 0.3)	0.65
	Combined EASQ score	559	−0.08	4.6	0.03	0.18	0.15 (−0.06, 0.36)	0.16
	CDI expressive language score	568	−0.08	4.52	−0.2	−0.18	0.02 (−0.03, 0.08)	0.45
	CDI comprehension score	564	−0.08	4.49	−0.05	−0.02	0.03 (−0.03, 0.09)	0.29
Pre-stressor salivary alpha-amylase (U/ml)	EASQ communication score	584	3.5	4.64	0.25	0.17	−0.09 (−0.18, 0.01)	0.07
	EASQ gross motor score	578	3.5	4.65	0.04	−0.14	−0.18 (−0.35, 0)	0.04
	EASQ personal social score	584	3.5	4.65	0.45	0.43	−0.02 (−0.23, 0.19)	0.84
	Combined EASQ score	583	3.5	4.65	0.23	0.04	−0.19 (−0.4, 0.02)	0.07
	CDI expressive language score	591	3.51	4.64	−0.1	−0.16	−0.07 (−0.22, 0.08)	0.39
	CDI comprehension score	587	3.5	4.65	0.05	0.01	−0.04 (−0.15, 0.06)	0.42
Post-stressor salivary alpha-amylase (U/ml)	EASQ communication score	571	3.94	5.17	0.22	0.22	0 (−0.1, 0.09)	0.98
	EASQ gross motor score	565	3.94	5.16	0.21	0.19	−0.02 (−0.12, 0.09)	0.78
	EASQ personal social score	570	3.94	5.17	0.45	0.47	0.02 (−0.08, 0.13)	0.66
	Combined EASQ score	569	3.94	5.17	0.18	0.19	0.01 (−0.09, 0.11)	0.9
	CDI expressive language score	578	3.94	5.16	−0.19	−0.16	0.03 (−0.06, 0.13)	0.53
	CDI comprehension score	574	3.94	5.16	−0.08	−0.04	0.04 (−0.05, 0.14)	0.37
Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)	EASQ communication score	1196	60.89	69	−0.18	−0.13	0.04 (−0.04, 0.12)	0.29
	EASQ gross motor score	1176	60.89	69	0.38	0.4	0.02 (−0.04, 0.09)	0.49
	EASQ personal social score	1194	60.89	69	0.04	−0.04	−0.08 (−0.26, 0.09)	0.35
	Combined EASQ score	1191	60.89	69	0.07	0.09	0.02 (−0.14, 0.17)	0.85
	CDI expressive language score	1209	60.89	69	−0.02	0.07	0.09 (−0.08, 0.25)	0.31
	CDI comprehension score	1195	60.94	69	0.02	0.01	−0.01 (−0.16, 0.15)	0.92
Mean resting heart rate (bpm)	EASQ communication score	1198	99.33	118.33	−0.15	−0.15	−0.01 (−0.07, 0.06)	0.89
	EASQ gross motor score	1178	99.33	118.33	0.39	0.37	−0.02 (−0.08, 0.05)	0.58
	EASQ personal social score	1196	99.33	118.33	0.03	−0.07	−0.1 (−0.25, 0.06)	0.23
	Combined EASQ score	1193	99.33	118.33	−0.09	−0.11	−0.02 (−0.1, 0.06)	0.68
	CDI expressive language score	1211	99.33	118.5	0.01	−0.03	−0.04 (−0.11, 0.02)	0.18
	CDI comprehension score	1196	99.33	118.33	−0.01	−0.04	−0.03 (−0.09, 0.03)	0.27

Analyses adjusted for child age and child sex, and screened the following covariates for potential inclusion (see Appendix 3 for details) -- child birth order, maternal age, maternal height, maternal education, household food insecurity, number of children in the household, number of individuals living in the compound, distance to primary drinking water source, household assets, prior anthropometry, month of assessment, treatment arm, pre-stressor sample collection time, maternal Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score, maternal Perceived Stress Scale score, and maternal lifetime cumulative exposure to intimate partner violence. CDI: MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories; EASQ: Extended Ages and Stages Questionnaire

^*P-value < 0.2 after adjusting for multiple comparisons using the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure