Table 5.
Urinary isoprostanes and child development at Year 1
| Exposure | Outcome | N | 25th Percentile | 75th Percentile | Outcome, 75th Percentile v. 25th Percentile | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||
| Adjusted | ||||||||
|
| ||||||||
| Predicted Outcome at 25th Percentile | Predicted Outcome at 75th Percentile | Coefficient (95% CI) | P-value | |||||
|
| ||||||||
| IPF(2a)-III (ng/mg creatinine) | Sum of 2nd, 4th, 5th, and 6th WHO motor milestones | 571 | −0.73 | −0.09 | 1.84 | 1.79 | −0.05 (−0.37, 0.27) | 0.77 |
| CDI expressive language Z-score | 672 | −0.72 | −0.09 | 0.26 | 0.31 | 0.05 (−0.1, 0.2) | 0.52 | |
| CDI comprehension Z-score | 576 | −0.73 | −0.09 | 0.37 | 0.43 | 0.06 (−0.04, 0.16) | 0.24 | |
| 2,3-dinor-iPF(2a)-III (ng/mg creatinine) | Sum of 2nd, 4th, 5th, and 6th WHO motor milestones | 571 | 1.54 | 1.97 | 1.81 | 2.09 | 0.27 (0.04, 0.51) | 0.02 |
| CDI expressive language Z-score | 672 | 1.55 | 1.97 | 0.25 | 0.27 | 0.01 (−0.09, 0.11) | 0.8 | |
| CDI comprehension Z-score | 576 | 1.55 | 1.97 | 0.35 | 0.36 | 0.01 (−0.11, 0.12) | 0.89 | |
| iPF(2a)-VI (ng/mg creatinine) | Sum of 2nd, 4th, 5th, and 6th WHO motor milestones | 571 | 2.3 | 2.87 | 1.92 | 1.92 | 0 (−0.15, 0.15) | 0.98 |
| CDI expressive language Z-score | 672 | 2.31 | 2.87 | 0.2 | 0.22 | 0.02 (−0.2, 0.24) | 0.86 | |
| CDI comprehension Z-score | 576 | 2.3 | 2.87 | 0.38 | 0.43 | 0.05 (−0.08, 0.18) | 0.43 | |
| 8,12-iso-iPF(2a)-VI (ng/mg creatinine) | Sum of 2nd, 4th, 5th, and 6th WHO motor milestones | 571 | 2.17 | 2.91 | 1.9 | 1.91 | 0.01 (−0.17, 0.19) | 0.94 |
| CDI expressive language Z-score | 672 | 2.17 | 2.92 | 0.19 | 0.36 | 0.17 (−0.03, 0.38) | 0.09 | |
| CDI comprehension Z-score | 576 | 2.18 | 2.91 | 0.29 | 0.44 | 0.15 (0.04, 0.27) | 0.01 | |
| Combined urinary oxidative status score | Sum of 2nd, 4th, 5th, and 6th WHO motor milestones | 571 | 2.48 | 3.54 | 1.88 | 1.96 | 0.09 (−0.11, 0.29) | 0.41 |
| CDI expressive language Z-score | 672 | 2.5 | 3.55 | 0.1 | 0.31 | 0.21 (−0.03, 0.44) | 0.08 | |
| CDI comprehension Z-score | 576 | 2.48 | 3.54 | 0.22 | 0.4 | 0.18 (−0.08, 0.44) | 0.18 | |
Analyses adjusted for child age and child sex, and screened the following covariates for potential inclusion (see Appendix 3 for details) -- child birth order, maternal age, maternal height, maternal education, household food insecurity, number of children in the household, number of individuals living in the compound, distance to primary drinking water source, household assets, prior anthropometry, month of assessment, treatment arm, pre-stressor sample collection time, maternal Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score, maternal Perceived Stress Scale score, and maternal lifetime cumulative exposure to intimate partner violence. CDI: MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories
P-value < 0.2 after adjusting for multiple comparisons using the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure